TAXONOMY

1. TAXONOMY

2. Linnaean Taxonomy • Carolus Linnaeus organized plants and animals into 7 hierarchical categories. • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo Homo sapiens

3. Linnaean Taxonomy • Scientific (species) name • Genus name • Specific epithet (species identifier) • Written in Latin • Dead, but universal scholarly language • Italicized or underlined • Ex: Canis familiaris Mycobacterium leprae

4. Systematic Taxonomy “Our classifications will come to be genealogies” • Using… • Morphology, embryology, paleontology, biochemistry

6. Reptiles Amphibians Phylogenetic Tree - Tetrapods • Groups - Amphibians, Birds, Mammals, Reptiles • Primitive Characteristics • Vertebrae, four limbs, heterotrophy, bilateral symmetry Birds Other Tetrapods Mammals Feathers Fur Endothermy Amniotic Egg Ancestral Tetrapod

7. Phylogenetic Tree - Domains(Carl Woese, U of Illinois) • Three domains of living things • Reorganization: Archaea more similar to Eukarya based on molecular data Eukarya Protista, Fungi Plantae, Animalia Bacteria Archaea Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Membrane and ribosome structure Progenote

9. Archaea (archaebacteria) • Prokaryotic • Unicellular • Cell walls of various materials • Heterotrophic and autotrophic • Mostly extreme habitats

10. Bacteria (eubacteria) • Prokaryotic • Unicellular • Cell walls of peptidoglycan • Heterotrophic and autotrophic

11. Protista • All eukaryotes not defined as plants, fungi, or animals • Algae and protozoans

12. Protista

13. Fungi • Eukaryotic • Uni- and multicellular • Cell walls of chitin • Heterotrophic

14. Fungi

15. Fungi

16. Fungi Spread by growth… …and spore dispersal

17. Plantae • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Cell walls of cellulose • Autotrophic

18. Animalia • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • No cell walls • Heterotrophic