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Solubility

Solubility. SCH 4C1. Double Displacement Reactions (review). AB + CD  AD + CB Ex. Ag(NO 3 ) ( aq ) + KCl ( aq )  AgCl (s) + K(NO 3 ) ( aq ). Solutions (copy). Displacement reactions occur in solution Solution – a mixture in which a solute is dissolved in a solvent

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Solubility

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  1. Solubility SCH 4C1

  2. Double Displacement Reactions (review) • AB + CD AD + CB • Ex. Ag(NO3) (aq) + KCl(aq)AgCl(s)+ K(NO3)(aq)

  3. Solutions (copy) • Displacement reactions occur in solution • Solution– a mixturein which a solute is dissolved in a solvent • Solvent = water • Solute = ionic compound

  4. (copy) • Aqueous solution (aq) - water is the solvent • Some compounds are soluble (NaCl) in water and some aren’t; they are insoluble(PbI2 - below)

  5. (copy) • Ionic compound + water  ions • Ex. NaCl(s)  Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) • These ions can combine with other ions in solution to form new products – a precipitate!

  6. Animation

  7. Double Displacement Reactions (copy) • DD reactions result in a precipitate (solid, ionic compound) forming between ions • Ex. 2Ag(NO3) (aq) + CaCl2 (aq) 2AgCl (s) + Ca(NO3)2 (aq)

  8. But how do we know if a solid is formed or not?

  9. Solubility Rules! • Not all products of a DD reaction are soluble in water • Solubility can be determined using the solubility rules (see your periodic tables)

  10. Examples – Practice Using the Rules (optional copy) • Are the following soluble in water? • NaF • (NH4)Cl • Ca(NO3)2 • Quick Tip: Compounds containing alkali metals, ammonium and nitrate are ALWAYS soluble • Ag(C2H3O2) • PbCl2 • Li3PO4 • Mg(OH)2 • CuBr2 Soluble! (aq) Soluble! (aq) Soluble! (aq) insoluble! (s) insoluble! (s) Soluble! (aq) insoluble! (s) Soluble! (aq)

  11. Applying this Concept to DD Reactions • Skills required: • DD reactions  predicting products • Using the solubility rules!

  12. Example (copy) 2 2 • __KNO3 + __PbI2 (s) (aq) __Pb(NO3)2(aq) + __KI (aq) • Check solubility rules to see which of the 2 products will form a precipitate • K+ and NO3- form a soluble compound in water • Pb2+ and I- form an insoluble compound in water • Balance equation

  13. Try These! (copy) 2 2 __Na(NO3) + __Ca(OH)2 • __Na(OH) (aq) + __Ca(NO3)2(aq)  • __K(OH) (aq) + __FeCl2 (aq)  • __(NH4)2SO4(aq) + ___ LiI(aq)  (s) (aq) 2 2 __KCl + __Fe(OH)2 (aq) (s) __(NH4)I + __Li2(SO4) (aq) (aq) No Reaction! If both products are soluble, write “NR” (you don’t have to balance or write the products!)

  14. Homework  • Pg. 62 # 1-2

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