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Membrane Structures and Membrane Materials

Membrane Structures and Membrane Materials. 2008 年北京奥运会国家游泳中心 水立方方案. 英国格林威治 千年穹顶 ( Millennium Dome ). Content. Membrane Structures concepts and features development applied fields structures Membrane Materials structures properties Examples. Membrane Structures.

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Membrane Structures and Membrane Materials

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  1. Membrane Structures and Membrane Materials 2008年北京奥运会国家游泳中心 水立方方案 英国格林威治千年穹顶(Millennium Dome)

  2. Content • Membrane Structures • concepts and features • development • applied fields • structures • Membrane Materials • structures • properties • Examples

  3. Membrane Structures • Prestressing force can be produced by high strength membrane material, reinforced component (steel frame, steel column, steel cable) • To form some space shape as cover structures bearing outer load

  4. Structure features • various shapes • light weight • good earthquake resistance • large span • natural light • energy efficient • self-purification • fast construction 1985年日本茨城县国际科学技术博览会拱形大门 美国南加州大学La Verne分校的学生活动中心 加州旧金山国际展览大厦“蝴蝶”

  5. Development • In ancient times, hide wigwam • In the 1950s, German scholar FreiOtta • Soap Membrane Principle - any point on soap has the same tensile stress on any line • Membrane Structure Analysis-Minimum stress curved surface • In 1957,Cologne Federation Curtilage fair,louvered awning composite PVC • In the 1970s, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene, trade name Teflon) • In 1973, the earliest PTFE membrane engineering • At present, new development by computer technology and three-dimensional shape design.

  6. 青岛馥香谷会所 Membrane Structures • culture—exhibition center, theater, museum • gymnasium—gymnasium, natatorium • commerce —plaza, hotel, commerce street • traffic —airport, railway station, toll station,dock • industry —factory, greenhouse, logistic center • tourism —entrance of architecture, paragon, park 日本熊本市公园

  7. Membrane Materials • basis metal basketwork-deciding strength and elasticity • PA polyamide • polyester fibre • glass fibre • aromatic polyamide fibre • coating - functions:fire prevention, waterproofing, ultraviolet protective property • organic silicon resin • polyurethane • butyl rubber、CR chloroprene rubber • PVC • PolytetrafluoroethyleneTPFE

  8. Weave of Membrane Material Dense interleaving weave High tensile strength Thin interleaving weave, high adhesive force,good tear resistance Flat weave, thin,good tear resistance

  9. Fire Prevention Property • A -non-burning glass fibre/TPFE composite material • glass fibre >150g/m2 • coating 400—1100 g/m2 • thickness of membrane material >0.5mm • B-burning but not all, glass fibre/PVC, glass fibre/CSM composite material • fire prevention • others same with A • C-burning but not spreading, polyamide/PVC polyester /CR • glass fibre >100g/m2 • coating 400—1100 g/m2 • thickness of membrane material >0.5mm • Grade 2 of Fire-resistance

  10. Strength Property • tensile test-biaxial tensile test • Pretension will enforce load resistance ability • 0.7-1.2mm membrane 200-600kP/5cm • strength decreases with air pressure

  11. Sound absorption property • Inner membrane has good performance in elasticity, air permeability and absorbing sound weave • double deck membranes will increase sound acoustics in the inner space dramatically • Good reflection in 500-2000 HZ tone frequency

  12. Incubation and Energy Saving Property Group 1:traditional roof Group 2:polyester long fibre membrane material Group 3:PTFE glass fiber Group 4:SILICON membrane   Group 5:PTFE glass fiber membrane and 250 M/M air layer Group 6:PTFE glass fiber membrane pluslight permeability heat insulation membrane

  13. Light Permeability Light Permeability:3-20% inner membrane is 0.4mm so light has good permeability. Inner membrane does not affect the total light effect in double deck membrane.

  14. Gasing-Air-supported membrane architecture • first patent in Britain, Lanchester in 1917 • blasting system • curving membrane area • interleaving cable • ground beam, wall beam • good lucency • for less snow area • over 250m span for lower cost 日本东京室内棒球馆

  15. Stretching 深圳华侨城欢乐谷中心剧场 张拉式索膜结构 大连金石滩影视艺术中心 青岛颐中体育场我国第一个自行设计和安装、整体张拉式索膜结构体育场 北京郡王府广场

  16. 伯戴尔膜工程公司的入口雨篷 Stretching-hyperboloidalparaboloid • saddle-backed cell • quadrate or arrismembrane fabric • side cable set around the membrane • distance between diagonally dots are set in design • stretching by 4 angles to find space form and structure of hyperboloidalparaboloideasy to form close space

  17. Stretching-wimble hanging chain • tent membrane cell • flying rings supported by knighthead • membrane embedded in rings • fixed sides • for multi-peak membrane architecture 美国加州某教堂

  18. Dome structure • Elliptoidedged pressing rigid ring beam • Triangle grid strain system • loop successive cable net • vertical pressing beam • embedded in ring beam • Membrane in cable net • Prestressed dome • Easy drainage on membrane grade 佐治亚穹顶

  19. Mast cable-stayed structure • A coverage of 80,000 m2 • 12 hundred-meter masts on the circle of reinforced concrete ground beam • Top structure of mast • circle of diameter 364m supported by inner spread steel • out-spread steel in ground anchor • Dome • arc framework • (sector) PTFE • 50m central height 英国泰晤士河畔的千年穹顶

  20. Problems in Water Cube • Arboretum in London, Britain • Thick leaf mold in ETFT and steel structure • In big membrane, wrinkles are formed for uneven pressure in two directions • huge investment of a billion • 2000 yuan per square meter every 0.2mm ETFT • Depreciation up to 20-30 million per year • Layout “水立方”与“鸟巢”交相辉映

  21. Membrane has great vitality through the development of new materials and technology • Most competitive architecture in the 21th century

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