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CHAPTER 13 Cultural Exchange and Survival

CHAPTER 13 Cultural Exchange and Survival . Contact and domination. Acculturation Westernization – influence of Western expansion on other societies Destruction, domination, resistance, survival, adaptation, and modification of local cultures may follow interethnic contact.

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CHAPTER 13 Cultural Exchange and Survival

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  1. CHAPTER 13 Cultural Exchange and Survival

  2. Contact and domination • Acculturation • Westernization – influence of Western expansion on other societies • Destruction, domination, resistance, survival, adaptation, and modification of local cultures may follow interethnic contact

  3. Development and environmentalism

  4. Religious change • Religious proselytizing can promote ethnocide • Political ideology of a nation-state may oppose traditional religion (e.g., Soviet empire) • Governments may also use their power to advance a religion (e.g., Islam in Iran or Sudan)

  5. Antimodernism • Antimodernism: rejection of the modern in favor of what is perceived as an earlier, purer, and better way of life • Barber (1992, 1995) argues tribalism and globalism are the two key – and opposed – principles of our age • In antimodern movements, social solidarity often is achieved through exclusion, separation, and opposition

  6. Resistance and survival • Oppressed people always resist in some non-public way • Methods of curbing resistance: • Hegemony • Convincing subordinates that they will eventually gain power • Isolating subordinates and supervising them closely • Weapons of the Weak (Scott)

  7. Cultural imperialism • Spread or advance of one culture at the expense of others, which it modifies, replaces, or destroys • Mass media

  8. Making and remaking culture • Popular culture • Indigenizing popular culture

  9. World system of images • Electronic mass media can spread, and even help create, national and ethnic identities

  10. Transnational culture of consumption • Contemporary global culture is driven by flows of people, technology, finance, information, and ideology

  11. People in motion • Today, people are traveling more than ever

  12. Indigenous peoples • Term and concept indigenous people gained legitimacy through international law • Cultural Exchange and Survival • Essentialism

  13. Continuance of diversity • Anthropology has crucial roles to play: • Promoting a more humanistic vision of social change • Increasing respect for the value of human biological and cultural diversity • Increasing understanding of similarities and differences among humans throughout the world

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