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2.1 Using Scientific Models to Predict Speed

2.1 Using Scientific Models to Predict Speed. How can you predict the speed of the car at any point on the ramp?. Key Points. Models: Difference types Using them Graphs: Making them Reading them. Why models?. Answer big questions by breaking them into smaller pieces Save money

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2.1 Using Scientific Models to Predict Speed

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  1. 2.1 Using Scientific Models to Predict Speed How can you predict the speed of the car at any point on the ramp?

  2. Key Points • Models: • Difference types • Using them • Graphs: • Making them • Reading them

  3. Why models? • Answer big questions by breaking them into smaller pieces • Save money • Avoid mistakes • Understand nature

  4. Scientific Models • Show how variables relate to one another • 4 different types: • Mental • Physical • Conceptual • Graphical

  5. Mental Models • Visualize / imagine what you want to happen • Use these to make hypotheses • Example: • Before kicking a ball to make a goal, you picture the kick and can make adjustments before you even kick it!

  6. Physical Models • Touchable models that we can manipulate and make measurements from • AKA scale models • Example: • Building a small model of a bridge to see how it reacts to things such as wind and weight before spending a ton of money making a real bridge

  7. Conceptual Models • Describe how something works • Descriptive! • Big picture • Example: • Copernicus described how the Earth revolves around the Sun • Galileo, Kepler, and Newton added to this model

  8. Graphical Model • Uses a graph to show the relationship between variables • AKA mathematical model • Terms: • Dependent variable: depends (or changes because of the other variable • On y-axis (vertical one) • Independent variable: variable we are free to set as we want • On x-axis (horizontal one)

  9. Making a Graph • Decide what to put on x and y • Usually says in your lab • Make a scale for each axis • Each square should be the same value • Possible method: • Count number of squares on that axis • Divide your largest value by the number of squares from above • Round to the nearest whole number

  10. Making a Graph • Plot your points • Start with the x value • Slide up vertically until you hit the y number • Make your point • Do NOT connect the dots! • Draw a best-fit curve or line (I’ll tell you which one) • Make a title for your graph • It should relate to your graph

  11. Making a Prediction • After making your curve: • Find your starting value on your x-axis • Must be a place that is one your graph, but you didn’t measure • Draw a vertical line until you hit your curve • Draw a horizontal line until you hit the y-axis • Use the scale to record your predicted speed

  12. Relationships • Four types: • Strong • Weak • Inverse • none

  13. Lab Reminders • Section 1: • Circle the formula! • Choose 8 locations on the ramp • Locations should be at regular intervals • Car always travels the same distance! • Section 2: • For your graph: • Position on the x-axis • Speed on the y-axis

  14. Lab Reminders • Section 4: • Subtract the large number from the small number • It doesn’t have to be predicted - actual

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