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Humans in Space

Humans in Space. Before humans monkeys were sent into space:. it was cheaper to learn the biological effects of space travel the first monkey astronaut was Albert, who in 1948 rode to over 63 km on a V2 rocket. Albert however, died of suffocation during the flight.

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Humans in Space

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  1. Humans in Space

  2. Before humans monkeys were sent into space: • it was cheaper • to learn the biological effects of space travel • the first monkey astronaut was Albert, who in 1948 rode to over 63 km on a V2 rocket. Albert however, died of suffocation during the flight. • Albert II was sent into space in 1949, he survived the flight but died on impact. His flight reached 134 km’s into the atmosphere. He is credited as being the first monkey in space.

  3. A Brief History of Humans in Space 1961 - The first human went into space. Yuri Gagarin was launched into space for 15 minutes aboard the Vostok 1.

  4. 1969 – The first human landed on the Moon. The spacecraft Apollo 11 touched down on the Moon's surface carrying 3 astronauts onboard: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin Jr. Armstrong and Aldrin became the first humans to land on the Moon, while Collins orbited above.

  5. Since then humans have landed on the moon 5 more times. Apollo 12 (1969) Apollo 14 (1971) Apollo 15 (1971) Apollo 16 (1972) Apollo 17 (1972)

  6. 1981 - Maiden flight of the Columbia Space Shuttle, officially called the Space Transportation System (STS). At launch, it consists of an external tank, two Solid Rocket Boosters and a winged orbiter. The Space Shuttle was supposed to serve as a cheap reusable launch vehicle. The orbiter carries astronauts and payload such as satellites or space station parts into low earth orbit

  7. Six shuttles have been built. • Enterprise (never used) • Columbia (2003 - disintegrated during re-entry) • Challenger (1986 - disintegrated 73 seconds after launch) • Discovery • Atlantis • Endeavour. Each Shuttle was designed for a projected lifespan of 100 launches or 10 years' operational life. In 2004, NASA announced that the Space Shuttle would be retired in 2010, and from 2014 on, would be replaced by the Orion, a new vehicle that is designed to take humans to the Moon and beyond.

  8. The station has been visited by astronauts from 15 countries. The ISS has been far more expensive than originally anticipated. The ESA estimates the overall cost from the start of the project in the late 1980s to the prospective end in 2010 to be in the region of $130 billion. The International Space Station (ISS) is a research facility currently being assembled in space. The on-orbit assembly of ISS began in 1998. The space station is in a low Earth orbit and can be seen from Earth with the naked eye it has an altitude of 350-460 km It travels at an average speed of 27,700 km/h, completing 15.77 orbits per day. The ISS is a joint project among the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Japan, Canada and several European countries. The ISS has been continuously inhabited since 2000. At present the station has a capacity for a crew of three.

  9. Getting To The ISS • American and Canadian astronauts travel from Earth to the ISS using the Space Shuttle. • First Flight: 1981 • Last Flight: mid-2011 • After mid-2011 all astronauts will use Russian spacecraft.

  10. Safety In Space • Is the space shuttle safe? • 2 failures in 131 flights • 14 astronauts killed • Other Hazards • Solar Flares • Radiation (Gamma Rays) • Space Debris (rocks and garbage)

  11. Building The ISS • Canadarm 1 • Equipment on the space shuttle • Used to transport ISS components into space • ISS was completed in 2010. • Canadarm 2 • Attached to the ISS • Much bigger and stronger • Used to build and maneuver ISS components and experiments.

  12. Canadian Contributions to the Space Program • Canadarm 1 - Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) -a mechanical arm used on the Space Shuttle to maneuver a payload from the payload bay of the orbiter to its deployment position and then release it. • Canadarm 2 - Mobile Servicing System (MSS) - a robotic system on the International Space Station. - it plays a key role in station assembly and maintenance: moving equipment and supplies around the station, supporting astronauts working in space, and servicing instruments and other payloads attached to the space station.

  13. Radarstat 1 and 2 - a commercial Earth observation satellite - used radio waves to produce images of Earth - useful in large-scale emergencies (floods) - resource exploration tool - allows for monitoring of river flows, forests, soil conditions, shipping conditions

  14. Space Travel Poses Several Problems for Humans • The lack of gravity causes: • fluid redistribution • dehydration – due to increased excretion of urine • muscle deterioration • a weakened heart • loss of bone density • disorientation • weakened immune system • Solutions: • - special diets • - exercise • medication • space boots

  15. Lack of food, water and oxygen • we cannot survive without them • Solutions: • - bring own supplies • - grow plants for food and oxygen • - water recycling systems • Psychological Effects • depression and anxiety due to isolation • conflicts due to crowded and tiny living quarters – lack of privacy • insomnia – stressful situation • Solutions: • - creating private place for rest and relaxation away from others • - exercise • - socialization (positive group dynamics)

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