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40 Years of Sound Change in Progress

40 Years of Sound Change in Progress. William Labov University of Pennsylvania. NWAV40 Georgetown Oct 29 2011. Two forty-year spans. NWAVE 1 1972 Linguistic Change & Variation NWAV 40 2011. LING560 1972 The Study of the Speech Community. LING560 2010.

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40 Years of Sound Change in Progress

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  1. 40 Years of Sound Change in Progress William Labov University of Pennsylvania NWAV40 Georgetown Oct 29 2011

  2. Two forty-year spans NWAVE 1 1972 Linguistic Change & Variation NWAV 40 2011 LING560 1972 The Study of the Speech Community LING560 2010

  3. The study of Language Change and Variation [LCV] in Philadelphia, 1973-1979 Personnel Publications Anne Bower Gregory Guy Guy 1980, Guy & Boyd 1990 Don HindleHindle 1980 Bill Labov Labov 1980, 1992, 2001 Matt Lennig Arvilla Payne Payne 1976, 1980 Shana PoplackPoplack 1978, 1981 Deborah SchiffrinSchiffrin 1981

  4. The study of Language Change and Variation [LCV] in Philadelphia, 1973-1979: the locations of siix long-term neighborhood Studies

  5. The Philadelphia Telephone Survey [N=60] supplementing the Neighborhood Study (Labov 2001, Ch. 5)

  6. Three new and vigorous changes in the Philadelphia vowel system, LVC Neighborhood Study, 1973-1977 [N=112]

  7. LING 560“The Study of the Speech Community”Plan of the course, 2002-2010

  8. The Philadelphia Neighborhood Corpus [PNC]created from archives and final reports of LING560 Studies • Sociolinguistic interviews by students in LING560, “The Study of the Speech Community” (W. Labov, G. Sankoff) • Yearly, 1972-1992; Bi-yearly, 1994-2010: • 59 neighborhood studies • 1,087 recordings • Time span: • Dates of interviews: 38 years • Dates of birth: 103 years • Material transcribed to date: • 49 neighborhoods • 318 speakers • over 150 hours of speech (average 29 minutes/speaker) • Approx. 1.6 million words • Support: National Science Foundation Grant 92143, Automatic alignment and analysis of linguistic change, 2009-11

  9. Locations ofLING560 Studies, 1972-2010, transcribed and analyzed to form the Philadelphia Neighborhood Corpus

  10. A typical social network, focusing on a single block: The Wicket St. neighborhood network in Kensington

  11. Some members of LING560 groups from 1972 to 2010language change and variation; other areas of linguistics; anthropology; left the field

  12. In Memoriam To our knowledge, only one former member of Ling560 has passed away: Miwa Nishimura, who was killed in a car accident in 2004. The Handbook of East Asian Psycholinguistics Volume II: Japanese, edited by Mineharu Nakayama, Reiko Mazuka, and Yasuhiro Shira(2006, Cambridge U.P.)was dedicated to her memory:

  13. PNC subjects analyzed as of November 2011 by Age and Year of Interview

  14. Distribution of Dates of Birth in Philadelphia Neighborhood Corpus, 1887 - 1991

  15. Advances in the measurement of sound change, 1970-2010

  16. Hand measurements of the vowel system of a Philadelphia ANAE subject, N= 214

  17. The FAVE revolution(Forced Alignment and Vowel Extraction)Ingrid RosenfelderJosef FruehwaldKeelanEvaniniJiahong Yuan

  18. The FAVE web site fave.ling.upenn.edu

  19. Results of automatic alignment and vowel extraction for Jean H., 60, Interviewed by J. Fruehwald in Group 2 of 2006 [N=7,101]

  20. Consequences of the FAVE revolution: Tracing lexical diffusion of short-a tensing in the Philadelphia vowel system

  21. Conditions for ensingof short-a in Philadelphia before /d/ mad, bad, glad p t tʃ k bddʒg mnŋ fθsʃ vðzʒ lr

  22. Hand measurements of five vowels for Philadelphia ANAE subject TS520 [N=214]

  23. Hand measurements of /æhand æ/ for Philadelphia ANAE subject TS520 [N= 321] with two tokens before /d/

  24. Tense and lax tokens of 30 short-a vowels before /d/ for Jean H., 60, Group 2 of 2006 [N=7,101]. _æhd _æd

  25. Short-a before /d/ for Jean H., 60, Group 2 of 2006 [N=7,101].

  26. Tensing of short-a in Philadelphia before /L/ pttʃk bddʒg mnŋ fθsʃ vðzʒ lr pal Sal Alice Italian personality alligator mallet alley . . .

  27. Short-a before /l/ in the vowel system of Marie C., 62, [1973], Philadelphia /æh/ /æ/

  28. Shift of /æ/before /l/ from lax to tense category in the vowel system of Jean H.,60 [2006], Philadelphia

  29. The uniform progress of sound change throughout the speech community

  30. Fronting of /ey/ (F2) in closed syllables in made, pain, lake, etc. by age with partial regression lines for 6 socioeconomic groups in Philadelphia [N=112]

  31. Scatterplot of the fronting of (eyC) by age and socioeconomic class, with partial regression lines for social classes, from the LVC Philadelphia Neighborhood Study 1972-1979 [N=112]. Upper working class Upper class

  32. Mean values of Philadelphia vowels for 272 Philadelphia Neighborhood Corpus speakers

  33. Raising of /ey/ for Jean M., 60, Philadelphia [2006] iy ey oy ay

  34. Mean values of /eyC/ in made, pain, gate, etc. of 272 PNC speakers by age (double scale)

  35. Mean values of /eyC/ in made, pain, etc. of 272 PNC speakers by date of birth (double scale)

  36. Multi-dimensional graphic displays of linguistic change in Philadelphia over 103 years, using the stat_smooth function of the ggplot R package (Gray shadows show 95% confidence intervals)

  37. I. Unidirectional change below the level of social awareness

  38. Increasing height of /eyC/ in made, pain, etc. by Date of birth and Sex Stability of /eyF/ in may, mayor , etc. by Date of birth and Sex

  39. Increasing height of /eyC/ in made, pain, etc. by Date of birth and by Sex by Education

  40. The numerical equivalent:Multiple regression output for F1 of /eyC/ by date of birth, gender and education for 269 PNC speakers (Data Desk 6.3)

  41. Refining the numerical equivalent with Data Desk 6.3:Multiple regression output for F1 of /eyC/ by decade of date of birth, gender and education for 269 PNC speakers

  42. An Excel display of the numerical representationRaising of /eyC/ by date of birth for 269 LING560 speakers

  43. Multi dimensional R scatterplots for /eyC/ by Date of birth and by Sex by Education

  44. Stability of /ayV/ in side, ride, why, etc. by Date of birth Continued raising of /ay0/ in sight, pipe, bike, etc. by Date of birth

  45. Continued raising of /ay0/ in sight, bike, etc.. for 269 PNC speakers by Date of Birth by Sex by Education

  46. II. Socially salient features of Philadelphia phonology: recent lowering of tense /æh/ and /oh/

  47. Recent lowering of tense /æh/ for PNC speakers born in 1960s and later by Sex by Education

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