Basic Life Support 1: Rescue Breaths

1. Basic Life Support 1: Rescue Breaths Lesson 5

2. Lesson Objectives • List ways to prevent drowning and SIDS. • Describe the age categories for adults, children, and infants related to key differences in basic life support skills. • Explain how to give rescue breaths via a barrier device, the mouth, the nose, or a stoma, and to an infant.

3. Basic Life Support (BLS) • First aid given if victim’s breathing or heart stops • Often needed for victims of: • Heart attack • Drowning • Choking • Other injuries/conditions

4. Overview of BLS CPR = rescue breaths + chest compressions Gets oxygen into lungs and oxygenated blood to vital organs

5. Overview of BLS • Choking care • Includes chest compressions • Expels an obstructing object from airway

6. Overview of BLS • Use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) • Restores a more normal heart rhythm

7. BLS Differences Infant = birth to 1 year Child = ages 1 to 8 Adult > age 8

8. Respiratory Emergencies • Any illness or injury resulting in stopped breathing or inadequate breathing • Two types • Respiratory arrest • Respiratory distress

9. Respiratory Emergencies: Examples • Obstructed airway • Penetrating injury to chest • Carbon monoxide poisoning • Heart problem • Electrical shock • Drug overdose or poisoning

10. Respiratory Arrest and Respiratory Distress • Respiratory arrest • Breathing has completely stopped • Respiratory distress • Breathing is difficult and may become ineffective

11. Prevention of Respiratory Arrest • Preventing drowning • Preventing SIDS • Preventing choking

12. Preventing Drowning • Primary risk factors • Unsupervised infants and children • Alcohol use • Not wearing life preserver

13. Preventing SIDS • Most common between 2 – 4 months old • Most common cause of death after age 1 month • Many infants found lying on stomach with nose and mouth covered by soft bedding

14. Preventing SIDS • To reduce the risk: • Place infants on back to sleep • Use firm, flat crib mattress • Remove pillows, comforters, toys and soft objects from crib • Do not cover infant’s head during sleep

15. Preventing SIDS • To reduce the risk: • If blanket must be used • Use thin blanket • Tuck under edges of mattress • Keep at chest level and below • Avoid exposing infant to passive smoke

16. Preventing SIDS • To reduce the risk: • Maintain a normal temperature in infant’s room • Do not put infant in bed shared with siblings or parents • Give infant between age 1 and 12 months a pacifier at bedtime

17. Learning Checkpoint 1 1

18. Rescue Breaths • Technique of blowing air into a nonbreathing victim’s lungs • Oxygenates the blood • Given with chest compressions • Circulates oxygenated blood to vital organs

19. Rescue Breaths • When someone isn’t breathing normally: • Start rescue breaths and chest compressions immediately • Have someone call 9-1-1 • If AED available, send someone to get it

20. General TechniqueRescue Breaths • Position victim on back • Open airway with head tilt – chin lift • Use a barrier device • Give breath over about 1 second • Watch victim’s chest rise

21. General TechniqueRescue Breaths • Do not blow harder than needed to make chest rise • After each breath let air escape and chest fall

22. Mouth to Barrier • Barrier device is always recommended • Position pocket mask or face shield on victim’s face • Make sure it is sealed to victim’s face • With face shield, pinch victim’s nose closed when giving breaths

23. Mouth to Mouth • Pinch victim’s nose shut • Seal your mouth over victim’s • Breathe into victim’s mouth • Watch chest rise to confirm air is going in

24. Mouth to Nose • Use victim’s nose if: • Mouth cannot be opened • Mouth is injured • You cannot get a good seal with mouth to mouth

25. Mouth to Nose • Hold victim’s mouth closed • Seal your mouth over victim’s nose to breathe in • Open mouth to let air escape

26. Mouth to Stoma • Some people breathe through hole in lower neck – called a stoma

27. Mouth to Stoma • Cup your hand over victim’s nose and mouth • Seal your mouth over stoma or a round pediatric face mask • Give rescue breaths as usual

28. Mouth to Nose and Mouth • Infants and very small children are given rescue breaths through mouth and nose • Seal mouth over both mouth and nose • Give gentle breaths • Watch to see chest rise and fall with each breath

29. Potential ProblemVomiting • To prevent air from entering stomach and causing vomiting • Open airway before giving breaths • Watch chest rise as you give breaths • Blow slowly and steadily • Stop each breath when chest rises • Let chest fall after each breath

30. Potential ProblemVomiting • If victim vomits: • Roll victim onto side • Allow vomit to drain from victim’s mouth • Wipe mouth clean before continuing

31. Potential Problem:Dentures • Dentures are usually left in place during rescue breaths • Remove if: • They become loose and make it difficult to deliver a breath • They may fall back in mouth and block airway

32. Learning Checkpoint 2 2

33. Chapter Opening Scenario It has been an hour since basketball practice ended, but as usual some of the players stayed to practice their shots. As you lock up your office and head down the hall for the exit doors, you notice the gym lights are still on and look in. A player lies crumpled on the floor, and everyone else is gone. He doesn’t respond to your voice or touch when you reach his side. What do you do?