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Canadian History XI. The Expulsion of the Acadians. Treaty of Utrecht. 1702-1713 Queen Anne’s War 1713 Under the Treat of Utrecht, France cedes claims to the Hudson Bay, Acadia, Newfoundland France keeps Cape Breton Island and inland colonies. 1719
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Canadian History XI The Expulsion of the Acadians
Treaty of Utrecht • 1702-1713 • Queen Anne’s War • 1713 • Under the Treat of Utrecht, France cedes claims to the Hudson Bay, Acadia, Newfoundland • France keeps Cape Breton Island and inland colonies. • 1719 • The French begin construction of Louisburg. • One of the largest fortresses in the New Word. • Naval port. • Fisheries base. • Commercial & Trading Centre. • Cornerstone of its inter-colonial “triangular trade”.
King George’s War • 1740-1748 • 1745 • Louisburg is captured for the first time. • 1748 • Treaty of Aiz-la Chapelle • Louisburg is returned to France. • 1749 • British settle and begin construction of the city of Halifax. • To counterbalance the renewed threat from Louisburg
Acadians Remain Neutral • Acadians were neutral. • Mi’kmaw sided with French. • Acadians refuse to swear an unconditional oath to England because it would require them to take arms against the French & Mi’kmaw.
The Expulsion of the Acadians • Tensions escalate between Britain & France, leading to the Seven Years War in 1756. • 1755 • Charles Lawrence-governor of Acadia • Acadians must sign unconditional oath. • September 15, 1755 • Grand Pre • Acadian’s declared non-citizens. • Land & livestock confiscated. • Farms destroyed.
The Expulsion of the Acadians • 1755-1766. • Acadians were scattered throughout England’s North American colonies. • Some escaped to Louisburg. • Some were sent back to France. • Some went to the French colony of Louisiana-Cajuns. • 10,000 Acadians were deported. • Over 1/3 died from disease.
The French Did It Too • Deportations were a common occurrence at the time. • 100 years earlier, the French deported 2,500 English colonists from St. Kitts in the West Indies. • Louis XIV: • Expelled Protestant Huguenots from France • 1690’s-deported English settlers captured in Newfoundland
Acadians Return • 1764 • Ban on Acadians was lifted after New France had been conquered. • 3,000 Acadians returned to Nova Scotia. • Their lands had been given away. • Centre of Acadia shifted to New Brunswick. • Shift from farming to fishing and forestry.
