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Domestic and International Policies during the Progressive Era

Domestic and International Policies during the Progressive Era. SSUSH14 The student will explain America’s evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the twentieth century.

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Domestic and International Policies during the Progressive Era

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  1. Domestic and International Policies during the Progressive Era SSUSH14 The student will explain America’s evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the twentieth century. c. Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the Panama Canal.

  2. Progressive Presidents • Theodore Roosevelt - 1901-1909 • William Howard Taft - 1909-1913 • Woodrow Wilson - 1913-1921

  3. Roosevelt’s Square Deal • In May 1902, the United Mine Workers called a strike to protest low wages • As winter approached, Roosevelt forced the two sides to arbitration (both sides meet with a 3rd party with the final decision being binding) – he feared the country would be without a heating source in winter if the strike continued • Eventually, the miners got a 10 percent raise and reduced their workday from 10 hours to 9 • Roosevelt called this a “square deal” for both sides and it became a slogan for his Presidency

  4. Conservation Movement • Roosevelt, a great outdoorsman, encouraged Congress to take steps to protect the environment • In 1872, Yellowstone National Park was established as the nation’s first national park • 1905 – Roosevelt named Gifford Pinchot to head the United States Forest Service • Roosevelt set aside over 200 million acres for national forests, mineral reserves, and water projects

  5. Big Stick Diplomacy • “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.” – Theodore Roosevelt, 1901 • Roosevelt’s big stick was the US Navy – this threat of force allowed Roosevelt to conduct an aggressive military policy

  6. Roosevelt Corollary • Dec. 1904 and 1905 – Roosevelt issued messages to Congress that were amendments to the Monroe Doctrine • The corollary said that the US did not want any more territory • Roosevelt said the US wanted the neighboring countries to be “stable, orderly, and prosperous” • The US would only step in when the governments of neighboring nations collapsed and outside governments became involved

  7. Taft’s Presidency • With Roosevelt’s support, William Howard Taft was elected President in 1908 • Taft had a hard time filling Roosevelt’s shoes and angered his Party by failing to appoint Progressives to his cabinet, failed to keep tariffs from being raised, and did not keep up with Roosevelt’s conservation policies

  8. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” • Taft’s main foreign policy goals were to maintain good relations with Asia and preserve stability in Latin America • His plan to do this was to substitute bullets for dollars – his critics mockingly called this “Dollar Diplomacy” • Taft wanted Americans to invest money in foreign economies • This did not always succeed and the US lost money in these investments and created enemies in Latin America from those who opposed American influence in their countries

  9. The New Freedom • The Republican Party divided in two for the election of 1912 – Taft won the nomination of the Republicans, but the Progressive Republicans were unsatisfied and formed their own party, the Bull Moose Party, with Roosevelt as their nominee • The Democrats nominated New Jersey governor Woodrow Wilson • Wilson was also a progressive and disliked both big business and big government – this was reflected in his platform, called the “New Freedom” • vote was split between Taft and Roosevelt and Wilson was elected • Taft hated being President and was relived to go – “I’m glad to be going,” he told Wilson. “This is the lonesomest place in the world.”

  10. Wilson’s “Missionary Diplomacy” • 1911 – Mexico’s longtime dictator, Porfirio Diaz, was forced to resign • the new President, Francisco Madero, promised democratic reforms but was not successful – he was overthrown and killed • the US had over $1 billion dollars invested in Mexico, but refused to allow Madero’s killer, General Victoriano Huerta, get away with what he’d done • Wilson ended Dollar Diplomacy and sent the navy and troops to Mexico • This troop movement was largely unsuccessful and created animosity between the 2 countries for years to come

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