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THE FIVE SENSES

THE FIVE SENSES. RECEPTORS. Photoreceptors – photo/receptors Mechanoreceptors – mechano/receptors Chemoreceptors – chemo/receptors. PHOTORECEPTORS/VISION. # 4. Refraction Accomodation Emmetropia Hyperopia Photopupillary reflex. Light bending Ability to focus for close vision

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THE FIVE SENSES

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  1. THE FIVE SENSES

  2. RECEPTORS • Photoreceptors – photo/receptors • Mechanoreceptors – mechano/receptors • Chemoreceptors – chemo/receptors

  3. PHOTORECEPTORS/VISION

  4. # 4

  5. Refraction Accomodation Emmetropia Hyperopia Photopupillary reflex Light bending Ability to focus for close vision Normal vision Farsightedness Constriction of pupils when exposed to light # 5

  6. Cataract Myopia Astigmatism Glaucoma Clouding of lens; loss of sight Nearsightedness Blurred vision; curvature of cornea Increased pressure in the eye; blockage of aqueous humor # 5 cont.

  7. Convergence Accommodation pupillary reflex Night blindness Medial movement of eyes; focusing Constriction of pupils when viewing close objects Inability to see in the dark; Vitamin A deficiency # 5 cont.

  8. Intrinsic eye muscles – Autonomic NS

  9. 1 – convex 2 – real 3 – behind 4 – convex 5 – in front of 6 – concave # 7

  10. Ciliary zonule Aqueous humor Sclera Optic disk Ciliary body Attaches lens to ciliary body Fluid provides nutrients to lens, cornea White of the eye Area of retina lacks photoreceptors Muscle that shapes lens # 8

  11. Choroid coat Canal of Schlemm Retina Vitreous humor Choroid coat Vascular coat of eye Drains aqueous humor Contains rod & cones Gel reinforces eyeball Prevents light scattering # 8 cont.

  12. Ciliary body & iris Fovea centralis Aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor Cornea Iris Intrinsic eye muscles Area of acute vision Refractory media Clear anterior part of sclera Pigmented part of eye # 8 cont.

  13. Aqueous humor Canal of Schlemm Choroid Ciliary body Ciliary zonule Cornea Fovea Iris Lens Optic disk Retina Sclera Vitreous humor Anatomy of the Eye

  14. Three varieties of cones (color) Blue Green Red Retinal specifics - # 12

  15. #12 continued • Ability to see intermediate colors results from more than one cone being stimulated at one time. • Lack of all color receptors is colorblindness. • Occurs more often in men • Black and white or dim light vision a function of rods

  16. Deuteranopia Complete color blindness Protanopia See everything in shades of yellow and blue Tritanopia Seen in shades of red and green Types of Colorblindness

  17. Physiology of Vision

  18. Binocular vision

  19. Accommodation of the lens

  20. Astigmatism Cataract Color blindness Conjunctivitis Glaucoma Hyperopia Myopia Night blindness Homeostatic Imbalances of the Eye

  21. Mechanoreceptors/Hearing

  22. Structures composing the outer ear Structures composing the osseous labyrinth Collectively called the ossicles External auditory canal Pinna Tympanic membrane Cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibule Anvil, Hammer, Stirrup # 15

  23. Ear structures not involved in hearing Allows pressure to equalize Vibrates as sound waves hit it – transmits vibrations to ossicles Semicircular canals, Vestibule Eustachian tube Tympanic membrane (ear drum)

  24. Contains organ of Corti Connects nasopharynx with middle ear Contains receptors for sense of equilibrium Cochlea Eustachian tube Semicircular canals, Vestibule

  25. Transmits vibrations from stirrup to fluid in inner ear Fluid bathes sensory receptors in inner ear Fluid in osseous labyrinth Oval window Endolymph Perilymph

  26. Anvil Auditory (Eustachian) tube Cochlea External auditory meatus Malleus Oval window Pinna Round window Semicircular canals Stirrup Tympanic membrane Vestibule Anatomy of the Ear

  27. Physiology of Hearing

  28. # 17 • Eardrum Hammer Anvil Stirrup Oval window Perilymph Membrane Endolymph Hair cells

  29. Otitis media Meniere’s disease Vertigo Hearing loss Conductive Sensorineural Homeostatic Imbalances of the Ear

  30. Can result from fusion of ossicles Can result from damage to cochlear nerve Sound heard one but not the other ear Often improved by a hearing aid May result from Otitis Media Can result from excessive earwax or perforated eardrum Can result from blood clot in auditory cortex of brain C S S C C,S C S # 20

  31. # 23 • VII – Facial, IX – Glossopharyngeal, X – Vagus • I – Olfactory • Mucosa of the palate • Sniffing • Taste buds • Fungiform or Circumvallate

  32. # 23 cont. • Sweet, Salty, Sour, Bitter, Umami* • *meaty, savory, broth-like, full-flavor taste we get from things like Parmesan cheese, mushrooms and red wine • (14) Bitter • Smell • Dry • Memories

  33. ChemoreceptorsTaste and Sense of Smell

  34. Anatomy of the Tongue

  35. Anatomy of the Taste Buds

  36. Anatomy of the Nose

  37. Olfactory nerves Olfactory neuron Olfactory bulb Olfactory hairs Cribiform plate Vocabulary/Olfactory

  38. Mechanoreceptors/Sense of Touch

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