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Social 
Structure

Social 
Structure. Social Structure - the network of interrelated statuses & roles that guide 
human interaction Status vs. Role - You Occupy a Status - socially defined position in a group/society -You Play a Role - behavior expected by someone occupying a particular status.

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Social 
Structure

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  1. Social 
Structure

  2. Social Structure - the network of interrelated statuses & roles that guide 
human interaction Status vs. Role -You Occupy a Status - socially defined position in a group/society -You Play a Role - behavior expected by someone occupying a particular status

  3. 3 Types of Status 1. Ascribed Status - assigned qualities beyond a person's control  -inherited Ex. Teenager, Race, Heritage

  4. 3 Types of Status 2. Achieved Status - acquired through individual 
efforts  Ex. Actor, Football Player, 
Parent, Graduate

  5. 3 Types of Status Master Status - status that plays the greatest role in shaping a person's life & 
determining his/her social identity  -changes throughout life Example Teenager Student Adulthood   Occupation Late Adulthood Grandparent/Hobby

  6. Roles Role Expectations - socially determined behaviors expected of a person 
performing a role  Ex. Police Officers  How?  Parents  How?

  7. Roles Role Performance - actual role behavior  -not always what society expects  Ex. Doctors - How?  Parents - How?

  8. Roles Role Conflict - when fulfilling the role expectations of one status makes it 
difficult to fulfill the role expectations 
of another  Ex. Parents

  9. Roles Role Strain - when a person has difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single 
status  Ex. Working hard & maintaining morale Difference Between Role Strain & Role Conflict Problem is within a single role [role strain] or 
between two or more roles [role conflict]

  10. Examples 1. A teacher is expected to be a stern disciplinarian and an 
empathetic counselor to his students 2. The same teacher is expected to stay after school to attend an 
evening PTA meeting and his wife expects him home for dinner Role Strain Role Conflict OR Role Strain Role Conflict OR

  11. Social Interaction Exchange - interaction in an effort to receive a reward or a return for their 
actions Reciprocity - idea that if you do something for someone, that person owes you Back Scratching Theory

  12. Social Interaction Exchange Theory - people are motivated by self-interests in their interactions with 
other people

  13. Social Interaction Competition - when 2+ people or groups oppose each other to achieve a goal that only 
one can attain

  14. Social Interaction Conflict - deliberate attempt to control a person by force, to oppose someone, or to 
harm another person

  15. Social Interaction Cooperation - occurs when 2+ people or groups work together to achieve a goal 
that will benefit more than one person T.E.A.M

  16. Social Interaction Accommodation - state of balance between cooperation and conflict

  17. Competition Exchange Types of 
Social 
Interactions Cooperation Conflict Accommodation

  18. Mission: Choose ONE type of Social 
Interaction to look for over 
the next 2 days. Observe, 
record, & report your 
results back to the class.

  19. Groups Set of People who interact on the basis of 
shared expectations & who possess some 
degree of common identity

  20. Groups vs. Aggregates Aggregate- group of people gathered in the same place at the same time who lack 
organization or lasting patterns of interaction

  21. Groups Social Category- way of classifying people according to a shared trait or a common 
status  ex. Students, Leftys, Teens, Men How many different groups?

  22. Groups Size:  Dyad - Group with 2 members Triad - Group with ____ members Small Group - enough members that everyone is able to interact on a face-to-face 
basis  Example?

  23. Groups Time: How often groups meet/participate  Ex: Family = Last many years

  24. Groups Organization: 1. Formal Group- structure, goals, & activities are clearly defined  ex. Student Council 2. Informal Group- no official structure or established rules of conduct  ex. Circle of Friends

  25. Types of Groups 1. Primary Group- small group of people who interact over a relatively long period of time 
on a direct & personal basis  -intimate relationships  Example: Family

  26. Types of Groups 2. Secondary Group- group in which interaction is impersonal & temporary  -Casual  -Limited Personal Involvement  Example: Class, Factory

  27. Types of Groups 3. Reference Group- group with whom individuals identify & whose attitudes & values 
they adopt  Example: Groups of friends, School clubs

  28. Types of Groups 4. In-Group- group you belong to & identify with 5. Out-Group- group that you don't belong to or identify with

  29. Types of Groups 6. E-Community - people interact with each other regularly on the Internet

  30. Types of Groups 7. Social Network - web of relationships that's formed by the sum of a person's 
interactions with other people  -Direct & indirect relationships

  31. Select 
Leaders Define 
Boundaries Assign 
Tasks Group 
Functions Set Goals Make 
Decisions Control 
Members' 
Behavior

  32. Types of Leaders 1. Instrumental Leader - task-oriented  -find specific means to help the group 
reach its goals 2. Expressive Leader - emotion-oriented  -keep the group together & maintain 
morale

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