1 / 15

SOCIALIZATION

SOCIALIZATION. Definition: The process by which individuals learn the culture of their society (Haralambos). What is Culture?. The way of life of the members of a society; collection of habits, ideas that they learn, share and transmit from generation to generation (Linton)

laddie
Download Presentation

SOCIALIZATION

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. SOCIALIZATION Definition: The process by which individuals learn the culture of their society (Haralambos)

  2. What is Culture? • The way of life of the members of a society; collection of habits, ideas that they learn, share and transmit from generation to generation (Linton) • A ‘design for living’ • Considered by Structural Functionalists as the “glue” that holds society together.

  3. Importance of Culture • Without culture that is shared, society’s members would not be able to cooperate, resulting in disorder and confusion. There would essentially be no human society without a shared culture. • Essential elements of culture: 1. IT IS LEARNED 2. IT IS SHARED

  4. Types of Socialization 1. Primary Socialization - considered to be the most important aspect of the process. It takes place during infancy and within the context of a family which is the first agent. Considered to be primary because of the period - infancy and childhood. 2. Secondary Socialization - occurring after infancy and building on the process of primary socialization.

  5. Agents of Socialization 1. Family - agent of primary socialization 2. School and Educational Institutions - respect for authority, preparation for careers, enforcement of gender roles and expectations. 3. Church 4. Mass Media 5. Peer Groups - groups within which persons feel a sense of abandon, independence and worth. Can also be guilty of ‘environmental incivilities’.

  6. The Family: the agent of primary socialization • Primary socialization of children - children learn norms, values, beliefs of their society • Gender is established and gender roles are learnt - chores, toys, behaviours, sanctions, expectations • Respect for authority is also learnt - parents/guardians • Structuring of the personality and stabilization of adult personalities

  7. Importance of Socialization • Humanizing members of society - argued that without socialization, individuals would not resemble normal human beings (according to standards of society). Feral children serve as justification of the importance of socialization. • Creating and holding society together; creating cooperation. • Conferring identity.

  8. Other Types of Socialization Resocialization -Process of learning new standards, values, cultures (rehabilitation). Usually relevant to adults. -In case where persons are incarcerated or confined to a behaviour modification institution, the process of resocialization can involve radically altering inmate’s personality through deliberate manipulation of the environment.

  9. Other Types of Socialization Reverse Socialization -Similar to that of resocialization but with adults being socialized by younger persons, having to learn the new norms and values of the society (technological adjustments, assimilating into new societies - migration). -This type of socialization usually occurs when social change is very rapid and adults are required to catch up.

  10. Other Types of Socialization Anticipatory Socialization -Process of orienting for future roles in society or future membership in groups. It entails social learning directed toward gaining a desired position.

  11. Socialization and Self Identity Self identity as a product of socialization. Self emerges out of social interaction. Prominent Sociological Theories (of emergence of self identity in Sociology) 1. Charles Cooley - “Looking glass self” 2. George Meade - Generalized Other (I and Me)

  12. Looking Glass Self • The image people have of themselves based on how they believe others perceive them. • Whether we think of ourselves as clumsy or smart depends largely on what we think other think of us.

  13. The I and Me • The self is subject as we initiate social action (active and spontaneous). This is the “I”. • The self is also object because taking the role of another, we form impressions of ourselves (the “Me”) • Social experience is an interplay of the I and Me: our actions are spontaneous yet guided by how others respond to us.

  14. Lack of Socialization • Anna born 1932 to an unmarried mentally impaired woman was abused by her grandfather. • For five years she was wedged in a chair in the attic with her hands tied above her head with essentially no human contact. • When she was found, she was emaciated, feeble, unable to laugh, smile, speak or even show anger. • She was completely unresponsive.

  15. Nature vs Nurture • Helpless at birth, human infants depend on other for care, nourishment and learning. • Most people believe human behaviour is a product of biological imperatives. • More accurately, our “human nature” leads us to create and learn cultural traits. • Since we express human nature as we build culture, they are inseparable.

More Related