U.S. Foreign Policy through the great War

1. U.S. Foreign Policy through the great War Unit 4

2. Imperialism The policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories.

3. Imperialism • Europe had been establishing colonies all over the globe for centuries, building up the British Empire. • Imperialism surfaced in parts of Asia during the late-19th Century

4. God, Glory, & Gold American Imperialism • Three factors fueled American Imperialism: • Economic competition among industrial nations • Political and military competition, including the creation of a strong navy • A belief in the racial and cultural superiority of people of Anglo-Saxon (English) descent.

5. Anti-Imperialism • Some Americans saw imperialism as a threat to their heritage. • Many Americans believed that nothing justified dominating other countries.

6. Hawaii • Hawaii had been economically important to the U.S. since the 1790s • Christian schools & churches had been established • Sugar merchants eventually changed Hawaii’s economy • By 1900, foreigners and immigrant laborers (working on American-owned sugar plantations) outnumbered native Hawaiians

7. Hawaii • 1893: American business owners overthrew Hawaii’s Queen Liliuokalani, and the provisional government immediately applied to become a part of the United States.

8. Spanish-American War • America’s Interest in Cuba: • American capitalists invested millions in large sugarcane plantations

9. Spanish-American War • Yellow Journalism • Reporting that exaggerates the news to lure readers • American newspapers used this technique to sell more papers than their competitors • The popularity of the stories caused American sympathy for Cuban rebels

10. Spanish-American War • April 20, 1898: US declares war on Spain • “A splendid little war” • 16 weeks of fighting • August 12, 1898: armistice • December 10, 1898: The U.S. & Spain agree: • Cuba would become independent • Spain would give Puerto Rico & Guam to the U.S. • The U.S. would pay Spain $20 million for the annexation of the Philippine Islands

11. United states Imperialism

12. America as a world power Theodore Roosevelt: “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.”

13. America as a world power • TR won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize for his role in ending the Russo-Japanese War • 1907: “The Great White Fleet” (16 new, white US battleships) tours the world, showing off U.S. naval power • Panama Canal • U.S. helped Panama gain their independence from Colombia and built a 10 mile wide canal through the country.

14. America as a world power • Roosevelt’s achievements in foreign policy allowed the U.S. to exercise international police power in the Western Hemisphere. • Wilson encouraged democratic governments in the Western Hemisphere. • The U.S. is considered a World Power • Why is that a big deal?

15. World war I begins (Leave space to define each term) • MAIN causes of WWI: • Militarism • Alliances • Assassination • Imperialism • Nationalism

16. World war I begins Remember: we’re a world power • August 4, 1914: Fighting starts in Europe • Why did the U.S. stay out of it?

17. Alliances Over the course of the war: • Allied Powers • 19 countries • Central Powers • 4 countries

18. Militarism • German U-boats (submarines) sank merchant ships as well as passenger vessels that they believed might be carrying supplies to the Allies. • Lusitania • A British passenger ship • Attacked and sunk by a German U-boat in 1915 • More than 100 Americans died as a result of this attack

19. Militarism • 1916: a German U-boat torpedoed the Sussex (a French passenger ship) • 2 Americans were killed • The German government promised that U-boats would warn ships before attacking after the United States threatened to cut off diplomatic ties • By 1917, German announced an end to the Sussex Pledge and the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare • Less than a month later, the United States declared war

20. Zimmermann Note • Telegram sent by the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico promising to help Mexico regain the land they lost to the U.S. if Mexico allied with Germany. • Read the provided document and answer the questions on the guided reading page for more information on this topic.

21. U.S. declares war • April 1917: • The House of Representatives and Senate pass the war resolution • May 1917: • Selective Service Act provides more soldiers to fight

22. World war I on the Home front • Write a reasonable prediction of what you think life was like on the Home Front during WWI using ALL of the following terms: • War bonds • Victory gardens • “meatless Mondays” • Daylight savings time

23. World war I on the Home front • Use the text to identify each of these terms that are essential to understanding the Home Front during WWI: • War Industries Board • Selective Service • Committee on Public Information • United States Food Administration • Home Front

24. World war I on the Home front • Using the text as your document, answer the following questions on your own: • How did the United States finance World War I? • How did the United States manage the economy during World War I? • How did the United States government direct public support for the war effort?

25. World war I on the Home front Write an accurate summary of what life was like on the Home Front during WWI using ALL of the following terms: • War bonds • Victory gardens • “meatless Mondays” • Daylight savings time • War Industries Board • Selective Service • Committee on Public Information • United States Food Administration • Home Front

26. Post-Wwi concepts • Using the text as your document, briefly describe each of the following terms: • The Big Four • Wilson’s Fourteen Points • Treaty of Versailles • League of Nations • Reparations • Washington Naval Conference Treaties • U.S. Return to Isolationism

27. Unit four • Notebook Check and Group Presentation due Monday, November 4. • Unit 4 Test: Friday, November 8