Compare and Contrast Essay

1. Compare and Contrast Essay The Outsiders The Diary of Anne Frank Flowers for Algernon

2. Planning and Brainstorming Think about the characters in the stories. The Diary of Anne Frank Anne Mr. Frank Mrs. Frank Margo Dussel Peter Mr. Van Daan Mrs. Van Daan Miep Mr. Kraler Flowers for Algernon Charlie Algernon Miss Kinnian Dr. Strauss Dr. Nemur Joe Frank Fanny The Outsiders Johnny Ponyboy Darry Dallas Soda Pop Steve Cherry Bob Marsha Randy Two Bit

3. Planning Sheet (Character) Miss Kinnian Mrs. Frank Personality—She cares deeply about her students and wants the best for them. Solve—She uses her actions to solve problems. Learn—She learns she has to let people make their own decisions. Personality—She cares and loves her children and wants the very best for them. Solve—She uses actions and words to solve problems. Learn—She learns she must give Anne some freedom to make her own decisions. ALIKE Where they live Personalities Their main problems What they do to solve their problems What they learn from their experiences

4. Planning Sheet (Character) Miss Kinnian Mrs. Frank Setting—She lives in New York and works at a school for adults who are mentally challenged. Main Problem—Her relationship with Charlie in convincing him to do the experiment. Setting—She lives in hiding in Holland. Main Problem—She is trying to escape being arrested and imprisoned by the Gestapo. DIFFERENCES Where they live Personalities Their main problems What they do to solve their problems What they learn from their experiences

5. Planning Sheet (Theme or Big Ideas) Similarities Stereotyping and Friendship Be yourself– be an individual. Writing is a tool to expression intelligence and emotion. Things that matter to you are worth fighting for. Don’t judge and discriminate others based on race or class

6. Planning Sheet (Themes or Big Ideas) Flowers for Algernon The Diary of Anne Frank People are good at heart—In spite of all Anne went through, she still believed that people were good at heart. We see this idea sort of in Flowers for Algernon, but it is not as prominent. Perseverance in the face of hardships and danger Science can have a negative impact on a person’s intellect and emotions. It’s easy to make friends if you let them make fun of you. Differences

7. Narrowing your Ideas • You will need to decide on a structure for your paper. Do you list more similarities or differences? If you have more differences… Difference Difference Similarity Or Vise Versa If you have more similarities… Similarity Similarity Difference Or Vise Versa It doesn’t matter the order as long as you keep your similarities and differences together.

8. Narrowing your ideas • Based on my planning sheet, I will use the “Similarity, Similarity, Difference” Structure. • Decide which similarities and difference you will use. Both characters have nurturing personalities. Similarity Both characters learn to let their loved ones make their own decisions. Similarity Difference The characters live in very different settings and under different circumstances. Notice that these statements are GENERAL but still specific to the characters.

9. Thesis Statement • After you have narrowed your ideas, you are ready to craft your thesis statement. In Flowers for Algernon and The Diary of Anne Frank, Miss Kinnian and Mrs. Frank have nurturing personalities and learn to let their loved ones make their own decisions; however, they live through very different circumstances. Notice that I’ve mentioned both works Plays—underlined or italicized Books—underlined or italicized Short Stories—put in quotations or italicized Notice my thesis is parallel (the verbs are the same) Notice the use of a transition—look at your handout on topic sentences for effective transitions. Same Idea but worded differently Although their circumstances are different, Miss Kinnian in Flowers for Algernon and Mrs. Frank in The Diary of Anne Frank have nurturing personalities and learn to let their loved ones make their own decisions.

10. Outlining your Paper • After your write your thesis, let me check your thesis statement. • Now, you are ready to outline and begin writing. • Introduction Thesis: In Flowers for Algernon and The Diary of Anne Frank, Miss Kinnian and Mrs. Frank have nurturing personalities and learn to let their loved ones make their own decisions; however, they live through very different circumstances. II. Similarity—Personalities III. Similarity—Lesson learned IV. Difference—Circumstances V. Conclusion—RESTATE your thesis

11. TRANSITIONS

12. Introductory Paragraph A. Hook—This statement gets your reader interested in your paper. You may want to include a brief story, quote, or question to get started. B. Briefly explain and mention the two works so that the reader knows what you are talking about. Use TRANSITION WORDS to signify that you are comparing and contrasting two works. C. Main Idea/Thesis Statement:

13. Sample INTRODUCTION Have you ever thought you’ve known the best path for someone but that person did not see your perspective or you were wrong? Miss Kinnian in Flowers for Algernon and Mrs. Frank in The Diary of Anne Frank feel this way about the actions of the people they love. Miss Kinnian feels this way about her student Charlie. She convinces Charlie to be part of an experiment that will alter his intelligence and hopefully make his circumstances better. However, this experiment leaves Charlie lonelier than ever, and he eventually leaves the city. In the same way, Mrs. Frank encourages her daughter, Anne, to put away her childish antics because she wants her to grow into a mature young lady. However, Anne constantly disagrees with her and insists on her own way. Both Miss Kinnian and Mrs. Frank have nurturing personalities and learn to let their loved ones make their own decisions, even though they live through very different circumstances.

14. II. First Body Paragraph— How are the characters similar? A. Topic Sentence: B. Examples from Stories 1. First Story’s Example (with or without quote) 2. Explanation of Quote 3. Transition 4. Second Story’s Example (with or without quote) 5. Explanation of Quote C. Concluding Sentence:

15. Sample 1st Body Paragraph Both Miss Kinnian and Mrs. Frank have motherly personalities. Miss Kinnian watches out of Charlie and wants the best for him. She advises him to understand that his co-workers may turn out differently than he expects. She warns that “you shouldn’t feel bad if you find out that everybody isn’t nice like you think” (Keyes 42).Her advice shows that she wants what is best for Charlie and proves that she is not satisfying her own selfish desires. She seems to realize that Charlie’s friends are not loyal and seeks to warn him ahead of time. She wants Charlie to have his deepest desire. Likewise, Mrs. Frank shows her kind personality because she wants the best for Anne. When Anne begins having nightmares while in hiding, Mrs. Frank runs to comfort her daughter. She insists, “It’s nothing my darling. It’s just a dream” (Goodrich and Hackett 397). Her words show that she wants to keep her daughter safe from all that could harm her. She comforts her using an affectionate name and tries to calm her nerves. Despite their constant conflicts, she still continues to care and look after Anne, even when it jeopardizes her safety. Miss Kinnian and Mrs. Frank both put aside their own needs and show their nurturing personalities toward the people they love.

16. III. Second Body Paragraph— How are the characters similar? A. Topic Sentence: B. Examples from Stories 1. First Story’s Example (with or without quote) 2. Explanation of Quote 3. Transition 4. Second Story’s Example (with or without quote) 5. Explanation of Quote C. Concluding Sentence:

17. Sample 2nd Body Paragraph Just as Miss Kinnian and Mrs. Frank have loving personalities, they learn to let their loved ones make their own decisions. Miss Kinnian must give Charlie the space he needs to cope with the results of the operation. She tries to help Charlie by paying his rent, but her assistance ultimately ends up driving Charlie away from her and the community. Charlie expresses, “She cried and I cried too but I wouldn’t let her in…” (Keyes 60).Charlie’s emotional rejection of Miss Kinnian shows that she has no choice but to let him make his own choices despite how she feels. Because of the negative impact of the experiment, she must trust that Charlie is doing what is right for himself, regardless of what she thinks or feels.In the same way, Miss Frank must allow Anne to make her own decisions her relationship with Peter, even though she feels a different way. Mrs. Frank tries to save Anne from the remarks she will get from being around Peter. Although she tries to help Anne, she only drives Anne to spend more time with Peter. After their discussion, Miss Frank concedes and “goes out, closing the door after her” (Goodrich and Hackett 420). Miss Frank’s actions suggest that she will let Anne decide about her relationship with Peter instead of making the decision for her. She has told Anne her opinion, and now Anne must choose her own actions. In this way, Miss Kinnian and Mrs. Frank both learn to let the people closest to them make their own decisions.

18. IV. Third Body Paragraph— How are the characters different? A. Topic Sentence: B. Examples from Stories 1. First Story’s Example (with or without quote) 2. Explanation of Quote 3. Transition 4. Second Story’s Example (with or without quote) 5. Explanation of Quote C. Concluding Sentence:

19. Sample 3rd Body Paragraph Although they have motherly personalities and learn to let their loved ones make their own decisions, they differ in the circumstances that surround them. Miss Kinnian lives in New York and teaches at a school for adults that are mentally challenged. Charlie remarks, “I like Miss Kinnan because she is a very smart teacher” (Keyes 36). Charlie’s comment suggests that he enjoys being in Miss Kinnian’s class, and he thinks very highly of her.On the other hand, Mrs. Frank lives in Holland. She is a Jewish refugee from Germany. When Hitler came to power in Germany, she and family immigrated to Holland. Throughout most of the play, Miss Frank and her family live in hiding. They live in constant fear that they will be discovered by the Getaspo. They also have many conflicts. Mrs. Frank explains, “We’re all living under terrible tension” (Goodrich and Hackett 380).This tension continues to escalate throughout the entire play. Although the members of the annex make the best of their living arrangement, they cannot escape the fact that at any day that could be discovered. Therefore, both Miss Kinnian and Mrs. Frank live in very different time periods and situations.

20. IV. Conclusion A. Restate your thesis: B. What did the characters learn?

21. Sample Conclusion Miss Kinnian and Mrs. Frank both have caring demeanors and learn to let the people they love make their own decisions; however, they live in different living conditions. As his teacher, Miss Kinnian loves and cares for Charlie. However, she must eventually respect his choice to leave New York. In the same way, Mrs. Frank loves and supports her family while they are in hiding. Both learn to let the people in their lives make their own choices despite the consequences. It is important to care for the people you love, but one must also let go so that family and friends can discover their own paths in life.

22. Works Cited • Remember to follow MLA guidelines. • You must have 2 MLA citations because you are comparing and contrasting 2 stories. • Put entries in alphabetical order by author’s last names. • Include a hanging indent. • Look at the following slides for specific examples for the stories.

23. Works Cited • You will cite The Diary of Anne Frank and Flowers for Algernon the same way—just change the author’s name, title, and page numbers. • You will cite as a work in a reference, anthology, or collection. Last name, First name. "Title of Essay." Title of Collection. Ed. Editor's Name(s). City of Publication: Publisher, Year. Page range of entry. Medium of Publication.

24. Works Cited Goodrich, Frances and Albert Hackett. “The Diary of Anne Frank.” Elements of Literature Second Course. Ed. Kylene Beers. Austin: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 2008. 370-434. Print. Keyes, Daniel. “Flowers for Algernon.” Elements of Literature Second Course. Ed. Kylene Beers. Austin: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 2008. 33-62. Print.

25. Works Cited • You will cite The Outsiders as a book entry. Last name, First name. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. Hinton, S.E. The Outsiders. New York: Penguin Group Inc., 1967. Print.

26. Sample Thesis Statements Sample thesis 1: (alike, alike, different) Cherry in The Outsiders and Miep in The Diary of Anne Frank are alike in that they both protect people they care about and take risks to help others, yet are very different in the circumstances around their sacrifices. Sample thesis 2: (alike, different, different) Using writing as a tool for coping was a theme in both The Outsiders and The Diary of Anne Frank in how Ponyboy and Anne both wrote to help themselves, however they are different in the genre of writing and the setting of the two works.

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