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An Aspect-oriented Weaving Mechanism Based on Component and Connector Architecture

ASE 2007. An Aspect-oriented Weaving Mechanism Based on Component and Connector Architecture. Naoyasu Ubayashi (Kyushu Institute of Technology) Akihiro Sakai (Kyushu Institute of Technology) Tetsuo Tamai (University of Tokyo) November 8, 2007. Aspect-oriented Programming. Problem

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An Aspect-oriented Weaving Mechanism Based on Component and Connector Architecture

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  1. ASE 2007 An Aspect-oriented Weaving Mechanism Based on Component and ConnectorArchitecture Naoyasu Ubayashi (Kyushu Institute of Technology) Akihiro Sakai (Kyushu Institute of Technology) Tetsuo Tamai (University of Tokyo) November 8, 2007

  2. Aspect-oriented Programming Problem A concern considered crosscutting in one situation might be primary in others. It is not desirable to fix a certain concern as either primary or crosscutting. It is not easy to understand software architecture (the overall behavior of a woven program). AOP is a programming paradigm in which crosscutting concerns are modularized as aspects. Display updating pointcut after (FigureElement fe): (call(void set*(..)) && target(fe) { fe.display.update(fe); } AspectJ advice

  3. Today’s my talk • We provide a new weaving mechanism based on component-and-connectorarchitecture. • We propose a new interface mechanism called Weaving-interface. • We provide a new AOP language called ccJava. ccJava: Class-based Crosscutting language for Java

  4. Image of our idea weaving I/F weaving I/F weaving I/F Contribution Proposal of Component-based AOP Architectural AOP Towards MDD Our approach is effective for software modularity, evolution, and reuse. Concern Component (class) Concern Component (class) Concern Component (class) connector connector weaving I/F Concern weaving by connectors Concern Component (class)

  5. Outline • Motivation • Weaving-interface & ccJava • Example programs • Implementation • Conclusion & Future work

  6. 1. Motivation

  7. Interface in OOP • A client of a class has only to be aware of methods exposed by an interface of the class. • A class can be modified without being aware of the client if the class does not change the interface. component (class) programmer interface client of a class interface component (class) programmer

  8. However, in AOP … • It is not necessarily easy for a programmer to understand the overall behavior of a woven program because a weaving modifies the behavior of a method defined in a class.

  9. Our approach – Weaving-interface • A programmer who defines a weaving has only to be aware of weaving-interfaces. • A programmer of the class can change its implementation without being aware of the client if the class conforms to its weaving-interfaces. weaving I/F weaving I/F weaving I/F Concern Component (class) Concern Component (class) Concern Component (class) connector Component connector weaving-interface component (class) programmer Component-based AOP Architectural AOP weaving I/F Connector Concern Component (class) Component programmer who connects components component (class) programmer

  10. Related work • AAIF: Aspect-aware interface [Kiczales 2005] • Open modules [Aldrich 2005] • Crosscutting programming interface (XPI) [Sullivan 2005] An interface is determined only once the complete system is known Point implements FigureElement void setX(int): DisplayUpdating - after returning DisplayUpdating.change(); Aspects can be woven to only exposed program points. Open modules support crosscutting within only one class. Our Approach Software Architecture !! An interface for specifying rules for designing aspects and classes public aspect XPointChange { /* The purpose of … */ pointcut change(): execution(void Point.setX(int)) || … }

  11. 2. Weaving-interface & ccJava

  12. Example --- Figure editor Component interface Shape { public void moveBy(int dx, int dy); } class Point implements Shape { int x, y; public int getX() { return x; } public int getY() { return y; } public void setX(int x) { this.x = x; } public void setY(int y) { this.y = y; } public void moveBy(int dx, int dy) { x += dx; y += dy; } } class Line implements Shape { Point p1, p2; public Point getP1() { return p1; } public Point getP2() { return p2; } public void setP1(Point p1) { this.p1 = p1; } public void setP2(Point p2){ this.p2 = p2; } public void moveBy(int dx, int dy) { p1.x += dx; p1.y += dy; p2.x += dx; p2.y += dy; } } class Display { public static void update() { /* the detail is ommited */ } } Component Three concern components are woven together by component and connector architecture based on weaving-interface. Component

  13. AO weaving based oncomponent-connector architecture Weaving-interface wDisplay wPoint wLine redraw class Display class Point class Line change Component redraw + change Connector class Pointimplements Shape { int x, y; public intgetX() { return x; } public intgetY() { return y; } public void setX(int x) { this.x = x; } public void setY(int y) { this.y = y; } public void moveBy(intdx, intdy) { x += dx; y += dy; } } class Display { public static void update() { } } wLogging class Logging

  14. ccJava: Class-based Crosscutting language for Java Weaving-interface in ccJava Weaving-interface public w_interface wPoint { pointcut change(): execution(void setX(int)) || execution(void setY(int)) || execution(void moveBy(int, int)); import before(), after() returning, around() : change(); } public w_interface wLine { pointcut change(): execution(void setP1(Point)) || execution(void setP2(Point)) || execution(void moveBy(int, int)); import before(), after() returning, around() : change(); } public w_interface wDisplay { pointcut redraw(): execution(void update()); import before(), after() returning : redraw(); export redraw(); } Port Definition Weaving-interface+Connector is a kind of ADL (Architecture Description Language) Connector descriptions depend on only weaving-interfaces. Architecture can be represented by Weaving-interface + connector. Coordination Type Before After Around introduce Connector weave { class Point implements wPoint; class Line implements wLine; class Display implements wDisplay; connect(port1:wDisplay.redraw, port2:{wPoint || wLine}.change) { after() returning : port2 { port1.proceed(); } } Port Connection Coordination Code

  15. 3. Example programs

  16. Example (1) --- Method composition Weaving-interface Component public w_interface wColor { pointcut change() : execution(void setColor(int)); export change(); } public w_interface wPoint { pointcut change(): execution(void setX(int)) || execution(void setY(int)) || execution(void moveBy(int, int)); import before(), after() returning, around() : change(); } weave { class Color implements wColor; class Point implements wPoint; connect(port1:wColor.change, port2:wPoint.change){ around() : port2 { port2.proceed(); port1.proceed();}} } Point Color setX setY moveBy setColor behavioral composition Connector

  17. Example (2) --- Class composition (Inter-type declaration) Weaving-interface Component public w_interface wColor { pointcut color_property() : field(int color) || method(void setColor(int))|| method(int getColor()); export color_property(); } public w_interface wColorPoint extends wPoint{ pointcut thisClass() : class(this); import introduce() : thisClass(); } weave { class Color implements wColor; class Point implements wColorPoint; connect(port1:wColor.color_property, port2:wColorPoint.thisClass) { introduce() : port2 from port1; } } Point Color color setX setY moveBy setColor getColor structural composition Connector Point color setX setY moveBy setColor getColor

  18. Example (3) --- Software evolution with ccJava version 1 version 2 Component Component class Point implements Shape { int x, y; public int getX() { return x; } public int getY() { return y; } public void setX(int x) { this.x = x; } public void setY(int y) { this.y = y; } public void moveBy(int dx, int dy) { x += dx; y += dy; } } class Point implements Shape { int x, y; public int getX() { return x; } public int getY() { return y; } public void setX(int x) { this.x = x; } public void setY(int y) { this.y = y; } public void moveByPlus (int dx, int dy) { x += dx; y += dy; } } Connector weave{ class Point implements wPoint replacing moveBy with moveByPlus; class Line implements wLine; class Display implements wDisplay; connect(port1:wDisplay.redraw, port2:{wPoint || wLine}.change){ after() returning : port2 { port1.proceed();}} } Renaming Weaving-interfaces do not have to be modified !

  19. Example (4) --- Interface for dealing with multiple classes Weaving-interface public w_interface wChange { pointcut change(): execution(void set*(..)) || execution(void moveBy(int, int)); import before(), after() returning, around() : change(); } class Pointimplements Shape { int x, y; public intgetX() { return x; } public intgetY() { return y; } public void setX(int x) { this.x = x; } public void setY(int y) { this.y = y; } public void moveBy(intdx, intdy) { x += dx; y += dy; } } Connector weave { class Point implements wChange; class Line implements wChange; class Display implements wDisplay; connect(port1:wDisplay.redraw, port2:wChange.change){ after() returning : port2 { port1.proceed(); } } } • The scope of the weaving impact is limited to classes that implement wChange. • We have only to look at Point and Line.

  20. Evaluation:Expressiveness for crosscutting descriptions NAW NOC NOC/NAW AspectJ (AAIF) 1 2 2 ccJava as an open module 2 2 1 ccJava using wildcard 1 2 2 DisplayUpdating wPoint wLine Good Weak wChange Good Cannot crosscut multiple classes Can crosscut multiple classes NAW: number of aspects or weaving-interfaces NOC: number of classes (Point, Line)

  21. Evaluation:Traceability of weaving impact Linguistic reasoning is difficult Linguistic reasoning is easy NOC IFW NOIF AspectJ 1 all aspects number of aspects AAIF 1 AAIF 1 ccJava 1 weaving-I/Fs number of weaving-IFs Weak Good Good number of all aspects > number of implemented weaving-IFs NOC: number of classes IFW: impact factors for weaving NOIF: number of impact factors

  22. 4. Implementation http://posl.minnie.ai.kyutech.ac.jp/

  23. Compiler construction ccJava code (weaving-interface) Java code (class) ccJava parser ccJava compiler AspectJ code generator Aspect-Factory class generator AspectJ code (aspect) AspectJ weaver executable program

  24. Generated code generated aspect aspect wPoint { Display display = new DisplayFactory.getInstance(); pointcut change(): execution(void Point.setX(int)) || execution(void Point.setY(int)) || execution(void Point.moveBy(int, int)); after() returning: change() { display.update(); } } public class DisplayFactory { private static Display instance = new Display(); public static Display getInstance { return instance; } } generated factory class If a programmer wants to define a specific factory class, … weave { class Display implements wDisplay factory UserDefinedFactory; /* other definitions are omitted */ }

  25. 6. Conclusion & Future work

  26. Conclusion • A new interface mechanism Weaving-interface • A new weaving mechanism based on component-and-connector architecture Flexible Weaving Mechanism !

  27. Future work • Component-and-connector architecture for integrating OOP and AOP • Integration of weaving-interface and traditional OO interface I/F I/F I/F Concern Component (class) Concern Component (class) Concern Component (class) connector Component-based Concern-oriented Progrmming connector I/F Concern Component (class)

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