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The Cold War:

The Cold War:. Map of Communist History. The Ideological Struggle. Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”]. US & the Western Democracies. GOAL  spread world-wide Communism. GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.

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The Cold War:

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  1. The Cold War: Map of Communist History

  2. The Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations[“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL spread world-wide Communism GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. • The Control of Nations near the USSR • To Stop the Expansion of the Soviet Union • To protect free nations from takeover by Communist forces and political groups • Arms Race [nuclear escalation] • Ideological Competition for Third World peoples

  3. The “Iron Curtain” “From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.”-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

  4. Truman Doctrine [1947] • The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. • 2. The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid.(They were fighting communist takeover)

  5. Marshall Plan [1948] • “European Recovery Program.” • Secretary of State, George Marshall • The U.S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. • $12.5 billion of U.S. aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected].

  6. Post-War Germany

  7. Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49) AP Berlin Airlift

  8. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) • United States • Belgium • Britain • Canada • Denmark • France • Iceland • Italy • Luxemburg • Netherlands • Norway • Portugal • 1952: Greece & Turkey • 1955: West Germany • 1983: Spain

  9. The Arms Race:A “Missile Gap?” • The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949. • Now there were two nuclear superpowers! space launches

  10. Warsaw Pact (1955) • U. S. S. R. • Albania • Bulgaria • Czechoslovakia • East Germany • Hungary • Poland • Rumania

  11. Mao’s Revolution: 1949 The second Communist }Power!

  12. The Korean War: A “Police Action” (1950-1953) Kim Il-Sung Syngman Rhee “Domino Theory”

  13. The Suez Crisis: 1956-1957

  14. Impact of Suez • Soviets develop relationships with Egypt and other Middle Eastern countries • End part 1.

  15. Sputnik I (1957) The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the technological edge!

  16. Nixon-Khrushchev“Kitchen Debate”(1959) Cold War ---> Tensions <--- Technology & Affluence

  17. U-2 Spy Incident (1960) Col. Francis Gary Powers’ plane was shot down over Soviet airspace.

  18. Paris, 1961 Khrushchev & JFK meet to discuss Berlin and nuclear proliferation. Khrushchev thinks that JFK is young, inexperienced, and can be persuaded.

  19. The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961) CheckpointCharlie

  20. Ich bin ein Berliner!(1963) President Kennedy tells Berliners that the West is with them! Kennedy at Berlin Wall

  21. Khruschev Embraces Castro,1961

  22. Bay of Pigs Debacle (1961)

  23. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis

  24. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and the other man blinked!

  25. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) The Cuban Missile Crisis

  26. Vietnam War: 1965-1973

  27. “Prague Spring” (1968) Former Czech President, Alexander Dubček Communism with a human face!

  28. Reagan’s Star Wars Interrupts Thaw • The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was a proposal by President Reagan on in 1983 • It was quickly nicknamed “Star Wars.” • lThe Idea was to use space as a battlefront to shoot all rockets out of the sky with weapons before they can be used. • The Soviet Union could not spend that much money to protect themselves.- regardless of its potential this pushed the Soviets out of the competition that had been a part of the Cold War. Artist rendering of satellites and lasers to be used in SDI

  29. The Wall Falls, 1989 • A wave of rebellion against Soviet influence occurs throughout its European allies. • Poland’s Solidarity movement breaks the Soviet hold on that country • Hungary removed its border restrictions with Austria. • Riots and protests break out in East Germany. • East Germans storm the wall. Confused and outnumbered, border guards do not fight back. • The wall is breached. • Eventually East and West Germany are reunited in 1990. YouTube - Reagan - Tear Down This Wall

  30. The USSR Dissolves Boris Yeltsin (far left) stands on a tank to defy the 1991 coup • On December 25, 1991, Gorbachev yielded as the president of the USSR, declaring the office extinct. He turned the powers that until then were vested in him over to Boris Yeltsin, president of Russia. • The following day, the Supreme Soviet, the highest governmental body of the Soviet Union, recognized the collapse of the Soviet Union and dissolved itself. • This is generally recognized as the official, final dissolution of the Soviet Union as a functioning state.

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