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Minerals

Minerals. What is a mineral? Mineral Characteristics shared by all minerals:. 1. Natural occurs naturally NOT manmade. What is a mineral?. 1. Natural 2. Inorganic Is not alive Was never alive. What is a mineral?. 1. Natural 2. Inorganic 3. Crystalline

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals

  2. What is a mineral?Mineral Characteristics shared by all minerals: • 1. Natural • occurs naturally • NOT manmade

  3. What is a mineral? • 1. Natural • 2. Inorganic • Is not alive • Was never alive

  4. What is a mineral? • 1. Natural • 2. Inorganic • 3. Crystalline • Atoms are arranged in an orderly pattern

  5. What is a mineral? • 1. Natural • 2. Inorganic • 3. Crystalline • 4. Definite chemical composition • Chemical formula • SiO2 is Quartz

  6. What is a mineral? • 1. Natural • 2. Inorganic • 3. Crystalline • 4. Definite chemical composition • 5. Solid • Not a gas, not a liquid

  7. How will we remember this? • Natural • Inorganic • Crystalline • Definite chemical composition • Solid

  8. Mineral Characteristics shared by all minerals:Now ICan Define mineralS! • Natural • Inorganic • Crystalline • Definite chemical composition • Solid

  9. B. Physical Properties of Minerals • 1. Color • First impression • Not very reliable because lots of minerals can occur in many different colors

  10. Quartz • Purple Amethyst

  11. Clear • Blue • Green • Purple Fluorite

  12. Physical Properties of Minerals • 1. Color • 2. Streak • The TRUE color of a mineral • Color of a mineral’s powder

  13. Streak Minerals with a hardness greater than “7” usually don’t create a streak on the streak plate because they are harder than the Porcelain tile (unless the streak plate is specially made).

  14. Physical Properties of Minerals • 1. Color • 2. Streak • 3. Hardness • A mineral’s resistance to being scratched • Mohs Hardness Scale from 1-10 Hardness depends on how “tightly packed” the atoms are

  15. Mohs Hardness Scale Softest • Talc • Gypsum • Calcite • Fluorite • Apatite • Potassium feldspar • Quartz • Topaz • Corundum • Diamond Hardest

  16. Physical Properties of Minerals • 1. Color • 2. Streak • 3. Hardness • 4. Cleavage • Splits along definite planes

  17. “Cleav” = to split Cleaver

  18. Physical Properties of Minerals • 1. Color • 2. Streak • 3. Hardness • 4. Cleavage • 5. Fracture • Breaks irregularly, jagged edges

  19. Fracture

  20. Physical Properties of Minerals • 1. Color • 2. Streak • 3. Hardness • 4. Cleavage • 5. Fracture • 6. Luster • How light shines off a mineral • Metallic or Nonmetallic

  21. Metallic Nonmetallic Luster

  22. Physical Properties of Minerals:Used for Identification (I.D.) • Color • Streak • Hardness • Cleavage • Fracture • Luster

  23. C. Special Properties • 1. Magnetism • Attracted to a magnet • Contains IRON, cobalt, or nickel

  24. Special Properties • 1. Magnetism • 2. Double refraction • Looking through it, you see “double” • Ex. Calcite

  25. Special Properties • 1. Magnetism • 2. Double refraction • 3. Fluorescence • Glows under ultraviolet (UV) light

  26. Fluorescence under ultraviolet, UV light

  27. Special Properties • 1. Magnetism • 2. Double refraction • 3. Fluorescence • 4. Phosphorescence • Continues to glow even after the UV light has been removed

  28. Special Properties • 1. Magnetism • 2. Double refraction • 3. Fluorescence • 4. Phosphorescence • 5. Piezoelectric • Electricity is generated from Pressure • Example: Quartz

  29. Piezoelectric (Pressure=Electricity)

  30. Special Properties • Magnetism • Double refraction • Fluorescence • Phosphorescence • Piezoelectric

  31. D. Identification Tests • 1. Hardness • 2. Streak (True Color) • 3. Acid Test • Use hydrochloric acid • Tests for carbonate (calcite)

  32. Caves can form in rocks with calcite, like here in Harrisonburg! Acid in groundwater dissolves the calcite

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