American Revolution Notes

1. American Revolution Notes

2. Chapter 4 Reading Quiz • Directions: Choose ONE term below and write EVERYTHING you know about it. • Stamp Act • Boston Massacre • Declaration of Independence • Valley Forge • Battle of Saratoga

3. Colonies Come of Age • Characteristics of Colonial Regions • Northern • Middle • Southern *the development of these as unique and separate regions will shape every important event in American History.

4. America the Story of Us: Rebels • Watch the History Channel episode and take notes in your notebook in the following fashion: • Political (take notes on the most important political developments from the Jamestown Era through the beginning of the Revolution) • Social (take notes on the unique character traits described about the colonists that will develop into the American Character as you see it today) • Economic (take notes about important economic developments from the Jamestown Era through the beginning of the Revolution)

5. For the first 100 years of colonial America, the British let the colonists govern themselves with little interference. After generations of self-reliance, the colonists found that they needed the British government less and less and began to grow resentful of their interference. Background

6. Causes – How the British Went From a “Hands Off” to “Hands On” Policy Toward the Colonies

7. Britain looked to the colonies as a market for British goods, source for raw materials and a producer of goods for trade. All commerce was to be conducted through Britain Mercantilism

8. Colonists were not at liberty to buy, sell or trade goods at will nor to completely govern themselves. King George had the “royal veto” but very rarely used it. As long as the colonies were profitable, the British left them alone. Until…the British need money. Hands Off Policy

9. Colonists were taking advantage of the “hands-off” British governorship of the colonies and bought/sold some of their goods to foreign markets the British saw this as an economic threat and imposed laws restricting colonial trade (i.e. Navigation Acts of 1651) Eventually the English would issue warrants for those thought to be smuggling or trading illegally Navigation Acts 1651

10. Which countries had influence in North and South America?

11. French and Indian War: The War that MADE America • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VuQ5SzExJNc • Watch short video lecture and take notes on the following: • Causes • Albany Plan of Union • Paris Peace Settlement • Effects of the War for the Colonists • What’s the “Big Lesson”?

12. War between Britain and France to control North America. (1754-1763) Was a major cause of the Revolutionary War for two reasons: Proclamation of 1763 – banned all settlement west of the Appalachians to avoid more conflicts with Native Americans – this angered the colonists. Fighting this war caused economic hardship for the British which they passed on to the colonies through taxation. French and Indian War

14. Sugar Act Stamp Act Townshend Acts Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts Taxation Without Representation

15. Sugar Act: 1764 • Sugar Act: • Passed by British Parliament to pay for soldiers stationed along the frontier. • Tax on imported molasses • Actually lowered the price from six pence to three pence per gallon • What changed was British enforcement on smuggled molasses • British navy given right to arrest suspected smugglers and put them on trial

16. Stamp Act: 1765 • Stamp Act: required all legal documents to bear a tax stamp that could only be purchased from official tax collectors • Wills, bills of sale, playing cards • British Prime Minister offered to repeal the tax after massive protests if another form of revenue could be found. • Colonial legislatures and towns declared the taxes “unlawful” • “No Taxation Without Representation” • Sons of Liberty formed • Colonists organize to boycott British goods • Repealed in 1766

17. Townshend Acts/Duties: 1767 • Tax directly on merchants when they purchase imported goods. • British hoped this “indirect” tax would be more readily received. • Instead patriot mobs staged further boycotts, burned shops and merchandise of merchants who continued to do business with Britian. • In Boston, the most unruly colonial groups such as the Sons of Liberty seized British patrol boats, attacked colonial officials. • Repealed in 1770

18. Boston Massacre?

19. Boston Massacre Primary Source Investigation

20. Document 1- Engraving • 1. Describe the background scene in this engraving. What buildings do you see? What time of day is it?2. How many soldiers do you see in the engraving? How would you describe their behavior?3. How many townspeople do you see in the engraving? How would you describe their behavior? How many are dead/wounded? • 4. Read the poem at the bottom (as best you can) and write down five words that Revere uses that may increase colonist anger over the event. 5. What title does Revere give his engraving? Do you think it's an appropriate title?

22. Document 2 - Poem • 1. Trace the soldiers' actions, as recounted in the verse, throughout the course of early March 1770. Calculate how many offenses they have perpetrated against the colonists. Make a list of the offenses.2. Do you think the author of this verse is an accomplished poet? Why or why not? What is your evidence?

24. John Adams HBO Mini Series – 1.5 days • This Episode deals with the Boston Massacre. • Take notes in regards to the following: • What role does John Adams play in the trial? • What evidence is presented both FOR and AGAINST the British? • What is the outcome of the trial? • How does John Adams position on the British change over the course of the episode? What brings about this change? • Why do you think this event is still portrayed in American History as a massacre? Is it still propaganda? Or do you feel its accurate? Support your position with historical details.

25. Intolerable Acts - 1774 • In response to the Boston Tea Party and other colonial disturbances. • Parliament closed the port of Boston and suspended the Massachusetts charter. • General Gage given governorship of Mass and enforced the economic sanctions. • Colonists form the First Continental Congress • Vote to boycott trade and urge the creation of colonial militias – no real discussion of Indiependence… yet!

26. Fighting Erupts • British invasion of Concord and Lexington Spring 1775 • Minutemen began stockpiling weapons • British General Gage gave orders to march on Concord by way of Lexington • Seize weapons from colonial militias and capture two prominent resistance leaders (Sam Adams and John Hancock) • April 19, 1775 - Paul Revere signals the coming Redcoats allowing Adams and Hancock to flee and the minutemen to be called up • Battle of Lexington – 70 minutemen confronted the British shots were fired, lasts 15 minutes, 8 minutemen killed 10 wounded, 1 Brit injured • Battle of Concord – British march on to Concord and found no weapons stockpiled, began to march back but 4000 minutemen fired from protected positions and slaughtered the British forcing a retreat to Boston • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6ikO6LMxF4&feature=related

29. Delegates prepared for war while they hoped for peace – Washington took control of the Continental Army/raised funds Olive Branch Petition – asks for a return to “the former harmony” – rejected by King Possibility of Independence is discussed Second Continental Congress

30. Fighting Continues • Battle of Bunker Hill • British General Gage cooped up in Boston since the retreat from Concord • June 17, 1775 strikes at militiamen near Bunker Hill north of Boston • 2400 British troops march up the hill • First two waves defended • Third wave successful • 450 Colonial casualties 1000 British http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6ikO6LMxF4&feature=related

31. American Revolution Debate Preparation

32. Part II Assignment • In partners,“Power Read” the Part II reading • As you read, make a cause and effect chart… • Event/action Led to what event /action • Event/action Led to what event /action • Event/action Led to what event /action • Continue to end.

33. February 1776Mid-Atlantic Public Inn • 4 Option Groups – See “Options in Brief” • Together complete “Considering Your Option”- turn in • Assign members to the following roles: • Debate Speaker- writes & gives 2-3 minute speech using views and values expressed in the assigned Option • Debate Team Manager – assists all other group members and must approve EVERYTHING! • Debate Team Investigator - researches other 3 options and prepares 2 attack questions for each/ with expected answers and looks for weaknesses and ways Option will be attacked and prepares defense strategy • Debate Team Propagandist - creates visual aids- posters/flyers/Power Point to persuade Inn visitors. • 50 PARTICIPATION POINTS = Dress-Up • Homework Pass = Colonial Wear

34. Concerned Colonists • See “Concerned Colonists” Handout • You will be assigned a character to portray • Write an introduction of yourself that you will give during the debate • Read each of the 4 Options in detail and then write 2 questions for each Option=8 in total to ask during the debate • Questions MUST reflect values of your character • You must also write the possible answers for the questions you ask from the perspective of that Option Group • 50 PARTICIPATION PTS – Dressed Up • Homework Pass – Colonial Dress • As a group you must come up with a Rubric to be used during the debate to evaluate the Speakers and their groups to assist in deciding who wins.

36. Debate Follow-Up OPTION ONE • England is our protector • Englishmen enjoy greater rights than any other nation in the world. • Loyalty and duty must prevail- must obey God and King • War will ruin us economically and destroy our homes • Taxes are a fair price to pay for protection • War/Independence will upset our social class structure and lower classes will rise up • Virtual Representation -9/10 of population • England too powerful to lose or fight

37. Option Two: • Both colonists and Brits are to blame for present crisis • American Council = internal authority with a degree of representation on taxes • War will ruin our economy and homes • Colonies could not get along or operate without Britain • British authority is legitimate by its discovery and settlement of this land • To not pay our fair share is undutiful and illegal

38. Option Three: • We are not “radicals” • We reluctantly take up arms to protect our rights • We had rights and self-rule before 1763- let us return to it! • Parliament is to blame for our undue hardship due to their unreasonable taxes • Fear we will not hold up long in an all out struggle against Britain • No nation will trust us or help us if we rebel. • Whigs in parliament will help to persuade parliament and King to support our rights. • While we should help pay for colonial defense and administration…Parliament is too far away to make decisions for us or represent us fairly.

39. Option Four: • We must declare independence to uphold and protect our natural rights • We are strong enough united to stand on our own • Without Britain, we can continue growing and prosper without limits on trade, governing or income. • We will draw on our own capable leaders to best represent our interests through self rule. • Enemies of Britain, France and Spain would come to our aid • Without Britain’s interference and “baggage” we can develop our own foreign policy • England has rejected our attempts a compromise especially since blood has been shed

40. Debate Winner • Which Option had the best arguments? • Which Option was best argued during the debate? • Which Option won the debate?

41. John Adams Part Two: Independence • During this episode please write down notes during the debate scenes on the arguments presented both for and against Independence.

42. Pamphlet distributed by Thomas Paine - influenced public opinion negatively against the king and encouraged the impending revolution. Washington: “I find Common Sense is working a powerful change in the minds of many men.” Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense”

43. Common Sense – Primary Source • “In the following pages I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense. . . . I have heard it asserted by some, that as America has flourished under her former connection with Great-Britain, the same connection is necessary towards her future happiness, and will always have the same effect. Nothing can be more fallacious than this kind of argument. We may as well assert that because a child has thrived upon milk, that it is never to have meat, or that the first twenty years of our lives is to become a precedent for the next twenty. But even this is admitting more than is true; for I answer. . . that America would have flourished as much, and probably much more, had no European power taken any notice of her. The commerce by which she hath enriched herself are the necessaries of life, and will always have a market while eating is the custom of Europe.

44. Written by Thomas Jefferson July 4, 1776 Based on the ideas of John Locke – English philosopher Natural rights Life, liberty and … Declaration of Independence

45. Declaration of Independence • Dramatic Reading! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ETroXvRFoKY&feature=related

46. Declaration of Independence: Close Reading Strategy • 1.  Highlight any terms that you didn't understand.  • 2.  Use context clues to figure out the meaning of at least 3-5 words with your table partners.  Write what you think it means at the bottom or on the back.  • 3. Circle the words that you believe are essential in the message (without these words the entire piece would lose its meaning or impact).  • 4. Who do you think is the intended audience for the document and explain why.

47. Declaration of Independence Cont. • What would it sound like today? • The class will be divided into 2 groups • Each group is responsible for re-writing the first 2 paragraphs of the Declaration in modern, but still academic language. • Each table will take one sentence and translate it. • Chose one person from the group to record the sentence on a piece of butcher paper, and another to read it aloud.

48. Reading Questions • Which quote from the Declaration best supports the following statement: The Founding Fathers wrote the Declaration as a justification for rebellion. • A. “When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them…”B. “… a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.” • C. Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their powers from the consent of the governed…” • D. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes…”

49. The Players

50. Those who opposed independence and remained loyal to the crown. For many reasons: Thought British would win British could protect rights better Tie with King – served him in past Loyalists