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Perceptual Processes: Visual & Auditory Recognition

Perceptual Processes: Visual & Auditory Recognition. Dr. Claudia J. Stanny EXP 4507 Memory & Cognition Spring 2009. Perception. Distal stimulus Proximal stimulus Sensory memory Iconic memory Echoic memory. Iconic Memory. Perceptually detailed visual memory

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Perceptual Processes: Visual & Auditory Recognition

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  1. Perceptual Processes:Visual & Auditory Recognition Dr. Claudia J. Stanny EXP 4507 Memory & Cognition Spring 2009

  2. Perception • Distal stimulus • Proximal stimulus • Sensory memory • Iconic memory • Echoic memory Claudia J. Stanny

  3. Iconic Memory • Perceptually detailed visual memory • Duration is very short ( .5 sec - 1 sec) • Information stored has not been analyzed yet for meaning • Precategorical sensory information • Content can be cued effectively based on sensory qualities, not meaning

  4. Echoic Memory • Auditory analog to iconic memory • Precategorical auditory (sensory) information • Can cue recall of selected items based on sensory qualities but not based on meaning • Very short duration (approximately 2 sec)

  5. Sensory Processes & the Brain Claudia J. Stanny

  6. Gestalt Psychology: Organizing Principles in Perception • Form perception • Figure-ground resolution • Detection of contours (subjective contours) • Principles of organization • Proximity • Similarity • Good continuation • Closure • Common fate Claudia J. Stanny

  7. Object Recognition • Template-matching models • Feature analysis models • Recognition-by-components models Claudia J. Stanny

  8. Template-Matching Models • Effective for pattern recognition for small sets of well-defined patterns • Template matching used today for pattern recognition of bank codes on checks Claudia J. Stanny

  9. Feature Analysis Models Selfridge (1958) Pandemonium Claudia J. Stanny

  10. Feature Analysis Models • Relies on simpler features for template matching • Includes a system of rules for how features are combined to create specific patterns • Draws on single-unit data for neurons responding to sensory input (e.g., work by Hubel & Wiesel, 1965, 1979, 2005) Claudia J. Stanny

  11. Recognition-by-Components Models • Similar to feature analysis models • Developed for perception of 3-dimensional objects • Biederman (1990) Claudia J. Stanny

  12. Top-Down & Bottom-Up Processing • Bottom-up processing • Emphasis on sensory input • Raw sensory input → pattern recognition • Top-down processing • Emphasis on concepts and expectations • Expectations and context create biases to extract certain patterns from sensory input Claudia J. Stanny

  13. Errors in Perception • Levin & Simons (1997, 2000) • Change blindness • Inattention blindness Claudia J. Stanny

  14. Change Blindness Demonstration

  15. Links to Videos • Magic Trick • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voAntzB7EwE • Harvard: Participants signing up for an experiment • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAnKvo-fPs0 • Original Door Study (Levin & Simon, 1997) • http://viscog.beckman.uiuc.edu/flashmovie/12.php • Recreation of Simon’s Door Experiment • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1aEqBaK3aM Claudia J. Stanny

  16. Face Recognition Perception of faces Prosopagnosia Claudia J. Stanny

  17. Thatcher Illusion • Based on tendency to process faces holistically • When faces are viewed upside down, we might not detect alterations in component parts • When faces are viewed right side up, these changes are easily detected

  18. Speech Perception • Phoneme recognition • Detection of word boundaries • Constructive nature of speech perception • Context effects on speech recognition • Phonemic restoration • McGurck effect Claudia J. Stanny

  19. Theories of Speech Perception • Speech perception as a special mechanism of the brain • Speech perception as characteristic of general perceptual mechanisms Claudia J. Stanny

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