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Basics of Communication Technology

Basics of Communication Technology . Chapter 1. Chapter Objective. Understand bits, bytes, megabytes, etc. Learn basic communication model. Learn the distinction between channel, circuit and network. Types of circuits. Transmission modes (direction). Transmission signals. .

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Basics of Communication Technology

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  1. Basics of Communication Technology Chapter 1

  2. Chapter Objective • Understand bits, bytes, megabytes, etc. • Learn basic communication model. • Learn the distinction between channel, circuit and network. • Types of circuits. • Transmission modes (direction). • Transmission signals. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  3. Data Communication • Electronic communications happen in the form of bits (0’s and 1’s). • Collection of 8 bits is called byte. • Collection of 1024 bytes is called kilobytes. • Collection of 1024 kilobytes is called Megabyte. • Collection of 1024 megabytes is called Gigabyte. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  4. Basic Communication Model • To transmit data over a distance we need a sender (source), a communication medium (channel) and the receiver (destination). Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  5. Basic Communication Model Destination Source Encoder Transmitter Channel Receiver Decoder Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  6. Telecommunication versus Data Communication • Data communication is concerned with the actual (complete and accurate) transfer of data rather than the intent. • Data communication is machine-to-machine communication. • Telecommunication is the transfer of data over a distance via electrical, electromagnetic or photonic means. • Electromagnetic is radio waves. • Photonic means use of light instead of electricity or radio waves. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  7. Channel, Circuit and Network • A channel is a path, not necessarily a pair of wires, for transmitting between two or more nodes or points. • A channel connects the source to the destination. • A channel is a one way communication, and the transmission between the source and the destination can be electrical or photonic. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  8. Channel, Circuit and Network • A circuit is a physical connection/ path between two nodes for communication. • A circuit may be a one-way communication or a two-way communication path and can be divided into multiple channels. • A circuit can be either wired or wireless. • A network consists of multiple paths to establish connections between multiple nodes. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  9. Channel, Circuit and Network Node Node Channel TV Station TV Receiver Node Circuit Node Terminal Computer Node Circuit Terminal Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  10. Channel, Circuit and Network Node Path Path Node Path Node Path Node Path Path Path Node Node Node Path Path • Each path may be a channel of a circuit Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  11. Data Communication Links • Data terminating equipment (DTE) are non communications-oriented components of a data communication environment. • Data communication equipment (DCE) communications-oriented components of a data communication environment. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  12. Data Communication Links Communication Signals DCE - Modem DCE - Modem DTE – Computer/ Terminal DTE – Computer/ Terminal Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  13. Transmission Modes • Simplex: One way communication all the time. • Examples: are AM/ FM Radio and TV. • Half Duplex: One way communication at a time, but with a bidirectional capabilities. • Example: police car communicating with a base station. • Full Duplex: A simultaneous, bidirectional communication. • Example: telephonic conversations. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  14. Serial versus Parallel Circuits • Parallel Circuits: The number of wires from a sender to a receiver is equal to or greater than the number of bits for a character. • Parallel Circuits provide faster communication. • Parallel Circuits are used in PC data bus. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  15. Serial versus Parallel Circuits • Serial Circuit: All the bits are transferred from the sender to a receiver through a single wire. • Serial Circuits are cheap and cost effective. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  16. Analog versus Digital signal • Analog Signals are continuous in wave form. • Analog signals vary by time, called frequency. • Analog signals are measured in terms of cycles per second, called hertz(Hz). • Amplitude is distance between the crest and the through. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  17. Analog versus Digital signal • Digital signals use discrete levels of voltages. • They are also called a binary signals. • They are measured in teams of bits per seconds (bps). Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  18. Analog versus Digital signal Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

  19. Key Terms • Bandwidth: the information carrying capacity of the circuit. • Noise: it is any unwanted signal. • Attenuation: it means the signal looses strength and becomes weaker as it travels down the channel. • Amplification: is the process of making the signal stronger. Prepared by Saher H. Mohammed

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