1 / 21

Overview of Normal Speech

Overview of Normal Speech. Acoustic Features of Speech. Suprasegmentals Vowels Consonants. Suprasegmentals…. Pitch Intensity Duration. Vowels and Diphthongs…. Good vowel production means proper development of tongue control

lee
Download Presentation

Overview of Normal Speech

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Overview of Normal Speech

  2. Acoustic Features of Speech Suprasegmentals Vowels Consonants

  3. Suprasegmentals… • Pitch • Intensity • Duration

  4. Vowels and Diphthongs… • Good vowel production means proper development of tongue control • Diphthongs: “A quick but smooth movement from one sound to another” • Production is influenced by consonant context as well as speed of production

  5. Consonants… • Classified according to three articulatory dimensions • Manner • Place • Voicing

  6. Manner… • Plosives • Stops • Nasals • Semivowels • Liquids • Fricatives • Affricates

  7. Manner - Plosives… • Produced by closing some portion of the vocal tract and then releasing the pressure built up in the process as a sharp burst • /p/, /t/, /k/

  8. Manner - Stops… • Much the same as a plosive except they are unreleased and therefore have no burst characteristics • /b/, /d/, /g/

  9. Manner - Fricatives… • Produced by creating such a small aperture in the vocal tract that the breath stream becomes turbulent and thus causes noise at the point of constriction. • /wh/, /f/, /th/ (they), /v/, /s/, /sh/, /th/ (that), /z/, /dz/, casual

  10. Manner - Nasals… • Produced by stopping the oral tract with either the tongue or the lips and lowering the velum, thus coupling the oral and nasal cavities. • /m/, /n/, /ng/

  11. Manner - Semivowels… • Formed in the same way as the vowels /u/ (who) and /i/ (ease) are, but with greater vocal tract restriction. These do not occur in word-final positions. • /w/ (we), /j/ (you)

  12. Manner - Liquids… • Produced with a relatively open vocal tract, the tongue creating a partial occlusion and a diversion of the breath stream within the oral cavity. • /l/, /r/

  13. Manner - Affricates • Formed by releasing a stop with a fricative. • /ch/, /j/ (jeep)

  14. Place… • Place specifies the point of greatest constriction in the vocal tract during articulation. Sounds may be described as… • Bilabial • Labiodental • Linguadental • Alveolar • Palatal • Velar • Glottal

  15. Place…What’s Production • Of sounds’ three dimensions: frequency, intensity and duration, FREQUENCY carries the most important information on place of production.

  16. Voice… • Voicing is a binary dimension! If the vocal cords vibrate as the sound is produced it is regarded as voiced, and if they do not, as unvoiced.

  17. From Sounds to Words

  18. It’s All On A Continuum… • Vocalization • Suprasegmentals • Vowels and Diphthongs • Step One Consonants • Step Two Consonants • Step Three Consonants • Step Four Consonants • Consonant Blends

  19. Vocalizations… • Non-specific vowel-like sounds • These permit independent control of voice patterns and tongue movement • Flexible voice patterns

  20. Steps 1-4 Consonants… • Step 1 consonant sounds are the most visible on the lips (except /h/). Step 1 consonant sounds b, p, f, v, th, h, w, m, and final p/b teach manner of articulation. These visible consonants lay the foundation for correct consonant articulation and act as building blocks for later developing sounds. • Steps 2 and 3 consonants teach place of articulation. Most Step 2 sounds are dental, (d/t, s/z, sh/zh, y, n, and final t/d). They are important in spoken language because many of these consonants, which appear frequently in English, are used in many morphological markers, such as verb endings and plurals. Step 3 consonants include back sounds that are difficult to see (g/k, ng, final k/g) and sounds that are more difficult to pronounce (/r/ and /ch/). • Step 4 consonants concentrate on teaching voiced/voiceless distinctions.

  21. Progression of Sounds for Children with Hearing Loss Based on the Ling Method Suprasegmental Patterns Duration Intensity Pitch Initial Consonant Blends Final Consonant Blends  * cochlear implant users may have more difficulty with

More Related