Unit 2: Foundations of United States Government

1. Unit 2: Foundations of United States Government Chapter 2: Origins of United States Government

2. Chapter 2: Origins of the United States Government Section 1: Early Influences

4. 4 English Ideas Explained • 1. Limited gov. • One person does NOT have all the power • Magna Carta • 1215 England • Citizens force King John to sign • Limited power of king • Rule of law—gov leaders must act according to a set of laws • 2. Representative gov • Bicameral • Two houses of legislative branch • 3. Petition of Right • 1628 • Parliament forces Charles I to sign it • Limited power of the monarch • Parliament (elected by people) had more power • 4. English Bill of Rights • Citizens rights from gov violations

5. English Documents Explained • Magna Carta webpage • Petition of Right • English Bill of Rights

6. Colonies • Charters • English monarchs gave settlers right to establish a colony • Most charters included limited and rep gov. • Governments • As number of colonies grew, each developed limited and rep gov.

7. Chapter 2: Origins of United States Government Section 2: Independence

8. Searching for Unity • a. Tough to unite • i. Colonies formed for different reasons • 1. Profit • 2. Religion • 3. Georgia: refuge for debtors • ii. Different economies and geography • 1. New England: fishing and lumber • 2. South: crops

9. 13 Original Colonies

10. Attempts at Unity

11. An Ocean Apart • a. Anger over British taxes unite the colonies • b. First Continental Congress • i. Protest British policies • ii. Send King George III the Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress • iii. British tighten control • iv. Colonists declare independence in 1776 • Schoolhouse Rock: No More King

12. Chapter 2: Origins of United States Government Section 3: The First National Government

13. Articles of Confederation

14. Articles of Confederation

15. Articles of Confederation DID NOT WORK • Reasons: • 1. each colony was very different including issue of slavery • 2. size of new nation was large/communication was slow • 3. states did their own thing—ignored federal laws and taxes • 4. Aritcles of Confederation HAD NO POWER!

16. What next? • Many felt we needed a strong federal government • Otherwise, we would have no country! • Example: Shays’s Rebellion

17. Articles of Confederation Video (7 minutes) • Articles of Confederation video

18. Chapter 2: Origins of the United States Government Section 4: The Constitutional Convention

19. Constitutional Convention

20. Constitutional Convention

21. General Info • *Delegates met in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation • *However, delegates moved quickly to form a stronger national gov. • *worked 4 months in a hot Phila summer in secrecy

23. Key People • George Washington • Benjamin Franklin • Alexander Hamilton • James Madison

24. George Washington

25. Benjamin Franklin

26. Alexander Hamilton

27. James Madison

28. Rival Plans

29. The Great Compromise

30. Finalizing the Constitution • Most signed the new Constitution, even though many still opposed.

31. Chapter 2: Origins of the United States Government Section 5: Ratifying the Constitution

32. Federalists vs. Anti Federalists a. Federalists i. Constitution would protect rights and was necessary to hold nation together b. Antifederalists i. Did not want the new gov. ii. Constitution would create a gov. that would threaten people’s rights and state’s rights

33. RATIFICATION! • After a lot of debate, all states eventually ratified (passed) the Constitution