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Islam

Islam. Monotheistic Religions. Judaism. Islam. Christianity. Arabian Peninsula Geography. Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates. Desert. Arabian Peninsula Geography. How did people survive?. Oasis. Trade – Merchants from the North

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Islam

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  1. Islam Izydorczak

  2. Monotheistic Religions Judaism Islam Christianity Izydorczak

  3. Arabian Peninsula Geography Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates Izydorczak

  4. Desert Arabian Peninsula Geography How did people survive? Oasis Izydorczak

  5. Trade – Merchants from the North brought goods to Arabia along with ideas Cultural Diffusion Arabian Peninsula Geography Izydorczak

  6. Arabs • Arabs = nomadic bedouins, Semitic speaking people who lived in Arabian Peninsula • Hostile surroundings made the Arabs move constantly to continue to feed their animals • Arabs organized into independent tribes to help each other with difficult lives • Early Arabs herded sheep & farmed on the Arabian peninsula • After domestication of camel, expanded caravan trade from between Persian gulf & Mediterranean Izydorczak

  7. Arabs • Early Arabs were polytheistic, Allah = main god • Traced their ancestry to Abraham & his son Ishmael, who were believed to have built a shrine called the Kaaba at Mecca • Black Stone, cornerstone of Kaaba, revered for its association with Abraham Izydorczak

  8. The Prophet Muhammad Izydorczak

  9. The Prophet Muhammad • Born into merchant family in Mecca, orphaned early • Became a caravan merchant & married his boss, a rich widow named Khadija • Muhammad was troubled with gap between the greedy rich & honest poor • Muhammad went into mountains to meditate on the issue • While meditating, Muhammad received revelation from God through the angel Gabriel Izydorczak

  10. The Prophet Muhammad Preached Allah was the one and only god (monotheistic). His teachings were called Islam and its followers called Muslims. Hijrah- the Prophet Muhammad’s migration (ad 622) from Mecca to Medina in order to escape persecution Izydorczak

  11. Muslim Beliefs Mosque Islamic house of worship The code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed. Sharia Izydorczak

  12. Muslim Beliefs The way of life prescribed as normative for Muslims on the basis of the teachings and practices of Muhammad and interpretations of the Koran Sunnah Quran The holy book of Islam. Izydorczak

  13. Five Pillars of Islam : these are obligations of every Muslim that uphold the structure of Islam. tashahhud: Faith or belief in the Oneness of God and the finality of the prophethood Muhammad salat : Five-times-daily prayers. Starting at just before sunrise, just after noon, midafternoon, just after sunset, and after nightfall zakat: Concern for almsgiving to the needy sawm: Self-purification through fasting. This usually done from before sunrise to sunset each day of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar hajj: The pilgrimage to Mecca for those who are able. Izydorczak

  14. Major Beliefs Important People • Monotheistic • Heaven • Judgment Text/Books • Mohammed • Allah • Gabriel • Prophets • Abraham (2 sons) • Isaacand Ishmael (father of Arab race) • Koran Islam Laws/Codes • Sharia Law • Dietary (No Pork, • Ramadan (Fasting) • No Gambling • No Alcohol Goals Impact • see Golden Age • Heaven • Spread Islam • Protect Islam • (Jihad) Holy War Izydorczak

  15. Literature Medicine Navigation • Folk Tales • Poetry • Arabian Nights • (short stories) • Stitches • Vaccines • C-sections • Remove Cataracts • Medical Encyclopedias • Islamic hospitals were • better and more advanced • than European ones • Trade influenced many • accomplishments • Compass • Astrolabe (improved) • Excellent mapmakers • (Cartographer) Islam Golden Age Learning/Science Geography • Located and controlled N. • Africa & Middle East • Controlled the “Silk Road” • Trade made Islamic • Empires/Civilization wealthy • Only boys had formal education • Preserved Greek & Roman • teachings (translated into Arabic) • Excellent Mathematics • (Algebra/Geometry) • Number system with zero Izydorczak

  16. Sunni- the largest branch of Islam, comprising at least 85% of the world's 1.5 billion Muslims.Allowed Caliphs (rulers after the death of Muhammad)to be people who follow Mohammed’s example called the sunna. Izydorczak

  17. Shiite- the second largest denomination of Islam. Muhammad's family, and certain individuals among his descendants, who are known as Imams, have special spiritual and political rule over the community. Izydorczak

  18. Charles Martel Izydorczak

  19. Charles Martel Christian leader who defeated the Spanish Muslims Izydorczak

  20. Moors Spanish Muslims Izydorczak

  21. Battle of Tours Where Charles Martel defeated the Spanish Muslims (Tours, France), stopped the spreading of Islam Izydorczak

  22. Battle of Tours Izydorczak

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