Energy Flow in the Biosphere, Chapter 3-1 & 3-2

1. Energy Flow in the Biosphere, Chapter 3-1 & 3-2 http://www.geog.uni-heidelberg.de/~ttavk/weltkarten/globen/1997-1998-biosphere-Nasa.jpg

2. REMEMBER CELL BIO

3. INTEREST GRABBER- THINK BACK TO CHAPTER 7 ________ __________  ___________ MOLECULES ORGANELLES ATOMS IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

4. ____________  ____________  CELLS TISSUES Similar cells working together IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

5. ___________  __________ ___________ ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANS ORGANISM Different tissuesworking together Different organsworking together IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

6. ___________________________________ ORGANISMS POPULATIONS COMMUNITY SAME SPECIESLIVING TOGETHER IN AN AREA Ex: “herd” DIFFERENT POPULATIONS LIVING TOGETHER IN AN AREA BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall;2006

7. _______________________ _____________ ECOSYSTEMS BIOMES BIOSPHERE All the organisms that live in a place together with their NON-living environment Group of ecosystems that have same climate and similar communities The portion of the planet in which all life exists IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

8. SPECIES Organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring = _____________ http://suedafrika.net/bluegifs/twooryx.jpg

9. http://environnement.ecoles.free.fr/Site-chevaux/images/etalon_quarter_horse_genuine_redskin.jpghttp://environnement.ecoles.free.fr/Site-chevaux/images/etalon_quarter_horse_genuine_redskin.jpg http://www.caribbeanart.com/art/j-portrait-donkey.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mule EX: Horse X donkey = mule 64 chromosomes 62 chromosomes 63 chromosomes Horses and donkeys are different species. If you breed them, the result is a mule which can NOT have offspring!

10. The scientific study of interactions of organisms with each other and with their environment = ______________ The portion of the planet in which all life exists = _________________ (includes land, water, atmosphere) ECOLOGY BIOSPHERE Extends from about 8 km above the Earth’s surface to 11 km below the ocean’s surface http://jaeger.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/Images/Topographic/Whole_Earth/Earth_100.jpg

11. WHAT SHAPES AN ECOSYSTEM? BIOTIC FACTORS __________________ All the living things an organism interacts with __________________ All the non-living things that affect an organism Ex: climate, temperature, sunlight soil, humidity, wind ABIOTIC FACTORS Images from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

12. HABITAT __________________ = The area where an organism lives A rattlesnake lives in a desert in the American Southwest http://animals.timduru.org/dirlist/snake/animalwild089-RattleSnake-FaceCloseup.jpg http://www.rvstogophx.com/images/arizona_desert_sm.jpg

13. NICHE _____________ = place it lives PLUS the _____________ & ______________ interactions it has in that place NICHE includes: Where it lives PLUS . . . What it eats? What eats it? Where in the habitat it lives?In a tree, in a pond,underground Its actions… hibernating, migrating, etcWhen & how it reproduces? biotic abiotic

14. http://www.electricwomen.com/hunterspoint/images/21-street-sign-moreell.jpghttp://www.electricwomen.com/hunterspoint/images/21-street-sign-moreell.jpg HABITAT vs NICHE? Habitat is like an organism’s ____________ Niche is like an organism’s ______________ address OCCUPATION http://resmedicinae.sourceforge.net/logos/doctor.png http://www.michcampgrounds.com/yogibears/yogi-picnic-cartoon.jpg http://www.formaui.org/kamalii/critters.htm

15. NO TWO SPECIES CAN SHARE THE SAME NICHE ! Competitive exclusion principle = ______________________________ BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

16. The Earth is SOLAR POWERED! ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY _____________ is the main source of energy for life on Earth. SUNLIGHT http://www.animation-station.com/smileys/index.php?page=17

17. AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERSCan make their own food ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY Most autotrophs use _______________ to capture solar energy Main producers on land = green plants In water = algae PHOTOSYNTHESIS BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

18. absence of light Some autotrophs can make own food in the ____________________ They use energy stored in ________________ of ______________________to produce carbohydrates = ___________________ Ex: Bacteria that live in HOSTILE places Like volcano vents, hot springs, marshes chemical bonds INORGANIC MOLECULES CHEMOSYNTHESIS BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

19. CONSUMERS HETEROTROPHS = ____________Get energy from consuming other organisms http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

20. HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS HERBIVORES ________________ = eat only plants ________________ = eat only animals ________________ = eat both plants & animals CARNIVORES OMNIVORES http://gallery.hd.org/_exhibits/natural-science/_more2003/_more09/elephant-eating-greenery-in-Addo-Park-Eastern-Cape-South-Africa-2-WL.jpg http://personal.ecu.edu/wuenschk/rabbit-wolf.gif http://www.rodsguide.com/bears/eating.jpg

21. HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS DETRITIVORES ________________ = feed on plant & animal remains EX: mites, earthworms, snails, crabs ________________ = break down and absorb organic matter EX: bacteria & fungi DECOMPOSERS http://montereybayphotos.com/images/nature/2.jpg http://www.fwnp.com/bracket-fungi.htm

22. Energy flows through an ecosystem in a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by being eaten CONSUMERS(Heterotrophs) ________________ _________________ = _________________ ↑ ↑ PRODUCERS(Autotrophs) FOOD CHAIN http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/foodchain.jpg

23. Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex A ______________ links ALL the food chains in an ecosystem together. FOOD WEB

24. TROPHIC LEVEL Each step in a food chain or web = _______________ ______________ ALWAYS make up the ________ trophic level. PRODUCERS FIRST http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll

25. Lower levels must be bigger to support the level above. Only about_____ of the energy from each level is passed on. 10% http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll

26. Some energy is used for life processes such as growth, development, movement, metabolism, transport, and reproduction. The rest is lost as ________ HEAT http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll

27. WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? ACTIVE TRANSPORT Na+ - K + PUMPEndocytosis Exocytosis Animation from: http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm See a movie Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html

28. WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? Movement Synthesis of biomolecules Meiosis: http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/anm/ Cilia: http://www.sk.lung.ca/content.cfm?edit_realword=hwbreathe Replication: http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4c.asp Transcription:http://www.wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/mRNA.gif Translation:

29. Growth and Development REPRODUCTION Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.asp

30. SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to oneanother and the environment. 9-12.L.3.1. Students are able to identify factors that can cause changes in stability of populations, communities, and ecosystems. • Define populations, communities, ecosystems, niches and symbiotic relationships. • Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions. Examples: Dormancy and migration Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter) Biogeochemical cycles Energy flow Cooperation and competition in ecosystems

31. SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another and the environment. 9-12.L.3.1. Students are able to identify factors that can cause changes in stability of populations, communities, and ecosystems. • Define populations, communities, ecosystems, niches and symbiotic relationships. • Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions. Examples: Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter) Energy flow

32. Core High School Life/Earth SciencePerformance Descriptors

33. IMAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2004/lect02.htm Paint image by Riedell Paint image by Riedell http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html#Organic%20molecules http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif

34. http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gifhttp://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.html http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG http://classes.kumc.edu/som/bioc801/lectures/images/mem01-08.gif http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_nucleus.html

35. http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg http://www.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/~anatomy2/BON/1016A03.jpg http://www.carolguze.com/text/102-19-tissuesorgansystems.shtml http://academic.pg.cc.md.us/~aimholtz/AandP/206_ONLINE/Immune/Innate_Images/cilia.jpg http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookAnimalTS.html http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147b.gif

36. http://vilenski.org/science/safari/fungus/fungus.html http://www.proctitispages.force9.co.uk/ http://www.harrythecat.com/graphics/ http://bestanimations.com http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/homepage.htm http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm