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Management and Planning Tools

Management and Planning Tools. Lecture 11. Management & Planning Tools. Help Plan and Organize Complex Group Activities. 1) Affinity Diagram 2) Interrelationship Digraph 3) Tree Diagram 4) Prioritization Matrix 5) Matrix Diagram 6) Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC)

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Management and Planning Tools

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  1. Management and Planning Tools Lecture 11 ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  2. Management & Planning Tools Help Plan and Organize Complex Group Activities 1) Affinity Diagram 2) Interrelationship Digraph 3) Tree Diagram 4) Prioritization Matrix 5) Matrix Diagram 6) Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC) 7) Activity Network Diagram ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  3. a b c d Affinity Diagram (1) Interrelationship Digraph (2) Tree Diagram (3) Prioritization Matrices (4) a b c d e f g h 1 2 3 4 5 6 Matrix Diagram (5) Management & Planning Tools ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  4. Affinity Diagram (1) Affinity Diagram • Purpose: • Creative process (generate & organize ideas) • Start with: • What is the problem? • Then: • Brainstorm ideas • Then: • Gather ideas under affinity headings ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  5. Improved Training Improved Hardware Friendly Software Improve Paperwork Error Prevention Optical Scanning System Inlet Outlet Standardize completion Format Increase Size to Increase Legibility Problem Solving Menu Driven Display Only Critical Info. On Screen On-Line System at Customer Site Train Clerical Sales and Customer Service Personnel Improve Prompts Voice Activated System Shorten 11-Digit Product Code Color Code Forms by Product Group Automated Entry Forms Contain Only Non-Standard Customer information Affinity Diagram Example • Reduce Data Entry Complexity (Selling, Leasing, Tracking Products) ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  6. Interrelationship Digraph (2) Interrelationship Digraph • Purpose: • To show causality between items • To identify drivers and bottlenecks • Can be used to fill in roof of house of quality • First: • Write down important factors • Then: • Draw arrows between items • From  to indicates causality • Arrows • Most out arrows  primary: driver • Most in arrows  secondary: bottleneck ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  7. Interrelationship Digraph Example • Repeated service calls on a machine ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  8. Lack of Knowledge of Job by Subcontractor Interviewer Lack of Trades Experience in Management Poor Matching of People Lack of Good People Wrong Person Sent Lack of Record of What Final Job is Repeat Service Calls Lack of Clear Job Expectations by Subcontractor Lack of Knowledge of Matching People to Job Requirements Problematic Customer Unclear Customer Expectations Wrong Tools Advertising Promises Lack of Info. on Job Interrelationship Digraph Example • Repeated service calls on a machine ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  9. Tree Diagram (3) Tree Diagram • Purpose: • Paths and tasks to accomplish primary goal and its related sub-goals • First: • List main what (goal) • Then: • List “Hows” (means) • These become goals (“Whats”) for next level • Continue until you get to assignable tasks ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  10. Error Prevention Training Clerical Seq. Inspection Training Improved Training Sales Problem Solving Training Optical Scanning System Customer Service Reps. On-Line System at Customer Site Increase Monitor Size Voice Actuated System Automated Entry Improved Hardware Reduce Data Entry Complexity Menu Driven Manual Entry Improve Prompt Auto Check on Standard price Database Input Display Only Non-Standard Information on Screen Friendly Software Output Increase Size for Legibility Forms Contain only Non-Standard Information Form Color Code Form by Product Improve Paperwork Coding System Shorten Product Code More Obvious Difference Among product Groups Codes Standardized Completion Format Train Clerical, Sales and Customer Service Personnel Tree Diagram Example • Reduce Data Entry Complexity ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  11. a b c d Prioritization Matrices (4) Prioritization Matrix • Purpose: • To prioritize items: • Prioritization against themselves • Prioritization against criteria • This allows you to focus limited resources ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  12. A B C D E % S / R 1 T a s t e A X - + + + 0 . 2 9 2 3 2 9 . 2 3 S C S R / 2 S m e l l B + X + + + 0 . 3 8 4 6 3 8 . 4 6 S C S R / 3 P o i s o n o u s C - - X + - 0 . 1 0 7 7 1 0 . 7 7 S C S / R 4 C o l o r D - - - X - 0 . 0 1 5 4 1 . 5 4 S C S R / 5 T e m p e r a t u r e E - - + + X 0 . 2 0 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 S C 5 . 6 0 . 8 1 5 . 2 2 0 1 0 . 4 5 2 S S S S S S C C C C C C 1 2 3 4 5 T o t a l 1 0 0 . 0 0 + = 5, - = 1/5 Prioritization Matrix (Coffee Example) ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  13. a b c d e f g h 1 2 3 4 5 6 Matrix Diagram (5) Matrix Diagram • Purpose: • To show relations between two sets • To show strength of relations • Basic types • QFD • Job responsibilities ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  14. House of Quality ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  15. Boss Organizer Staff person Travel D   Pick Date O  D Schedule D  O Benefits Discussion  O D Dinner O D  Follow-Up  O Matrix Diagram (Interview Example) Job Responsibilities  = Primary Responsibility, O = Secondary Responsibility D = Needs To Know ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  16. Interrelationships Characteristics (How) Product Characteristics Requirements Competitive Assessment (5) Matrix Diagram Relationships (What) Customer Requirements Prioritization How Much Importance Target Values Importance Ratings Relationship of MP Tools to QFD (2) Interrelationship’s Digraph (1) Affinity Diagram (3) Tree Diagram Requirements Flow (4) Prioritization Matrices ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  17. Use of M&P Tools for ME2110 Design Project • Affinity Diagram to Organize Ideas for Each Problem (Improve Machine Repeatability,…) • Interrelationship Digraphs to Debug Machine (Loss of Power, Premature Triggering,…) • Tree Diagrams to Assign Tasks (Buy wood, Build frame, Program controller,…) • Prioritization Matrix to Create Task Timeline • Matrix Diagram to Ensure You are Addressing All Needs • Etc. ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  18. Summary • Management and planning tools allow you to: • Plan more formally (assign tasks) • Organize information • Deal with qualitative information • Show relations between items and issues Use Them!!! ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  19. ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  20. 1) Customer Requirements Understand the Problem 2) Specification Development Engineering Requirements 3) Conceptual Design 4) Detail Design 5) Specification of Production 6) Manufacture 7) Recycle Phases of Design (Product Lifecycle) ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  21. Phases of Design (Product Lifecycle) 1) Customer Requirements Understand the Problem 2) Specification Development Engineering Requirements 3) Conceptual Design 4) Detail Design 5) Specification of Production 6) Manufacture 7) Recycle ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  22. Functions & Sub-Functions Function SF1 SF2 SF3 SF11 SF12 SF13 SF21 SF22 SF23 SF31 SF32 SF33 (Function Tree) ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  23. Pole Vault Pole Specifications Specification For: A Pole Vault Pole Requirements Changes D/W Resp. Source D Shoot Idiot 3-6m into the air. Geometry Standard D Diameter between 1-2 W Length between 10'-17'6" Kinematics Design W Damping ratio < 0.1 Team Forces W Bending Force Scalable Standard D Bending angle > 180 deg. USHSF Materials Standard D Moldable D Durable D Ductile W Not temperature dependent Safety D Will not fracture USHSF D 99% stiffness after 5k Bends USHSF ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  24. ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  25. Phases of Design (Product Lifecycle) 1) Customer Requirements Understand the Problem 2) Specification Development Engineering Requirements 3) Conceptual Design 4) Detail Design 5) Specification of Production 6) Manufacture 7) Recycle ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  26. The Morphological Chart Going from concept to physical reality Store/ Acquire Power Gravity Mouse Traps ... Transmit Power Catapult Car Hit by Trap Rip Cord Effect Ramp ... Brake on Target Anchor Rubber Stopper Rolling Friction String Break ... Move Mass Rolling Sliding Projectile Launch ... Navigate to Target Equal Size Wheels Larger Front Wheels ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  27. Snake Voodoo Spell _ _ + S _ + + + + + _ + _ + + S _ _ _ S 1 3 3 2 1 2 2 3 3 0 0 0 First Level Evaluation Matrix Concept 1 2 3 4 5 Bunny Criteria D Cost A Safety Gathering T Ability U Robustness Ease of M Assembly + S - S s S + = better than datum; - = worse than datum; S = same as datum Compare +/- to a Standard ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  28. Second Level Evaluation Matrix Evaluate Criteria on a 1-4 Scale ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  29. Third Level Evaluation Evaluate on a 1-4 Scale, Then Apply Weighting Factor ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

  30. Design Tools at Your Disposal 1) House of Quality 2) Function Trees 3) Function Tables 4) Specification Lists 5) Functional Variants 6) Solution Principle Matrices 7) Morphological Charts 8) Evaluation Matrices ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design

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