The Birth of Greek Civilization

2. TheBirth of Greek Civilization Ancient Greece was not a unified nation, but a collection of Greek city states and colonies. The colonies spread throughout the Aegean Sea, Asia Minor and Italy. All the colonies shared a common language—Greek. All colonies shared a common culture and religion. The Greeks were sea-faring (traders) and relied on agriculture to survive.

3. Minoans, Mycenaeans, and Phoenicians The three cultures that influenced the development of Greek civilization

4. Minoans • A wealthy trading culture • 2,000 B.C. • Exported pottery, metal work, wine, and olive oil

5. The Mycenaeans • 1600 B.C. • Traded metals from the Greek mainland for the beautiful Minoan exports • Conquered Crete in 1450 B.C. and took over Minoa’s valuable trade • This civilization disappeared by 1100 B.C.

6. The Phoenicians • Located on the eastern Mediterranean (today's Lebanon) • Founded colonies around the Mediterranean • Developed the alphabet

7. Greek City-States • Shared a language & letters • Remained independent of each other • Each region had a Polis (city-state)

8. Polis A city-state in ancient Greece

9. Polis • Each polis was a nation of its own • Ruled by nobles who own land • Developed because land was isolated by mountains or water • Common language • Depend on one another to survive. • Met every year at a great athletic contest known as the Olympics.

10. Structure of the City-States (Polis) Acropolis Agora

11. ACROPOLIS • A large hill in ancient Greece where city residents sought shelter and safety in times of war and met to discuss community affairs • A fort stood at the acropolis. It also had temples to honor local gods.

12. Agora • A central area in Greek cities used both as a marketplace and as a meeting place.

13. Ancient Greece: Citizenship • Citizens: members of a political community with rights and responsibilities. • ONLY free and land-owning men born in the polis could be citizens.

14. Ancient Greece Citizens: Rights and Responsibilities • Male Citizen Rights • Vote • Hold public office • Own property • Defend themselves in court • Male Citizen Responsibilities • Serve in government • Fight for their polis as citizen soldiers

15. Citizenship: Women and Children • Women and children might qualify for citizenship, but they had non of the rights that went with it.

16. ReviewQuestions Greece was not a unified country. Instead it was a collection of what? What did the Greek colonies shared? What were the three cultures that influenced the development of Greek civilization? What is a polis? What did polis shared? When examining the structure of Greek city-states, all Greek polis had these two structures. What were they? Who could be citizens in the Greek city-states? List 2 rights of Greek citizens and list 2 responsibilities of Greek citizens. Could women and children be citizens?

17. Greek Government Ms. Elias iMater 2014-2015

18. The“Dark Age” (1100–800 BC) • What is the Dark Age? • After the “Dark Age” in Greece 3 forms of government developed: Monarchy Tyranny Oligarchy Democracy

19. Political Changes • At first there were kings (monarchy), butwealthy land owners took the power from the kings. • Owners of small farms dislike the nobles. • Common people supported tyrants—someone who seizes power ad rules with total authority. • Tyrants ruled until about 500 BC • From 336 BC, most city states were oligarchies or democracies.

20. Governments of the city-states Monarchy Democracy Tyranny Oligarchy

21. Monarchy Some city-states had a single ruler

22. Tyrant Is someone who sizes power and rules with total authority.

23. Oligarchy In some city-states, a small group of the richest and most powerful citizens controlled decision-making

24. Democracya government in which the citizens make political decisions