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16.5- End of the War

16.5- End of the War. SWBAT: Why was 1863 a pivotal year? What is the message of the Gettysburg Address? Describe the importance of the “March to the Sea” Describe the terms of surrender. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What contributions did women make in the Civil War and how did it change

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16.5- End of the War

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  1. 16.5- End of the War SWBAT: • Why was 1863 a pivotal year? • What is the message of the Gettysburg Address? • Describe the importance of the “March to the Sea” • Describe the terms of surrender. ESSENTIAL QUESTION:What contributions did women make in the Civil War and how did it change their lives? MAIN IDEA:Despite Southern victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, the tide of war turned in the summer of 1863, when the North won at Gettysburg and Vicksburg.

  2. July 1-3, 1863: Battle of Gettysburg THIS SLIDE – FYI – THINGS ARE BAD! • Winter 1862-63: Gloom for Union – Lee unbeatable? • December 13, 1862: Fredericksburg, VA • Union fails in repeated tragic attacks • Gen Burnside resigns – fails to take town • Gen Hooker takes over • 1863: Lee Attacks at Chancellorsville, VA – WINS! • Stonewall Jackson dies here.

  3. July 1-3, 1863: Battle of Gettysburg • Gen. Mead(Union) meets Lee’s (Confed) troops near Gettysburg, PA • 3 days intense fighting • Shoes? • Day Three: Lee decides on “all-out” attack using Gen. Pickett’s forces

  4. July 1-3, 1863: Battle of Gettysburg • Pickett’s Chargefails lose the battle • Lee says: “it’s all my fault” • 11.19.1863 - Gettysburg Addres p 487

  5. July 4, Battle of Vicksburg • Strategic!On The Miss. R. • Months of Seige! • Won by Grant • helped take Miss. R. • split Confed. in two

  6. Sherman’s “March to the Sea” • November 1864 – Union win at Chattanooga, TN • Lincoln names Grant Union Supreme Commander. • New Plan – Living off the Land! • Marches / battles through GA • practiced total war • Destruction all the way • Farms, crops, houses, animals, etc. • Take war to civilians

  7. “March to the Sea” Cont. • September 1864: • Conf. leave Atlanta. • Sherman Vows: “make Georgia howl.” • Atlanta evacuated / burned. • December 21, 1864: Union enters Savannah - no fight. • Sherman’s to Lincoln: “I beg to present you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah.”

  8. Eastern Battles May–June 1863 • To exhaust Confederate troops: Grant attacks Richmond w/115,000 troops. • Three other major battles: • The Wilderness (May 5, 1864). • a dense forest- lasted two days. • Spotsylvania Court House (May 8, 1864) • Fighting over nearly two weeks. • Battle of Cold Harbor (early June) • 8 miles from Richmond.

  9. The Election of 1864 • Summer 1864: • Election was in doubt • “I am going to be beaten and unless some great change takes place, beaten badly” • Luck Changes • Farragut wins at Mobile Bay (control of Gulf) • Sherman takes Atlanta • Sheridan drives confederates out of the Shenandoah Valley , VA • Lincoln Wins Easily – 55%

  10. The Election of 1864 • Republicans Name Change • Union Party • New VP Andrew Johnson – Tenn. • Democrat pro-Union Southerner. • Democrats - Gen. George McClellan. • happy to oppose Lincoln (why?) • admired and respected by his soldiers. • promised to negotiate an end to war.

  11. SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS • slavery had divided the nation, • but we must “bind up the nation’s wounds.”

  12. Surrender at Appomattox • April 2, 1865: Lee tries unite troops w/ Gen. Johnston. • together we can continue fight? • April 9, 1865: Appomattox Court House, VA. • Lee surrounded by much larger Union force. • Lee’s officerssuggest the army scatter • continue to fight as guerrillas • Lee rejects it. • Lee & Grant Meet in a private home.

  13. Surrender at Appomattox Cont. • Grant’s Surrender Terms: • surrender arms • “go home” keep their horses • 3 days worth of food. • Soon After: most other Confed. forces surrender. • Pres. Jefferson Davis captured • Now What?How should the South be punished?

  14. INDEPENDENT STUDY 15.4 Explain the impact of the war on life in the N & S soldier. How was the economy of N/S affected by the war? Explain contribution of African Americans and women to Civil War.

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