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Cosmic Debris and Comets: Exploring Solar System Wonders

Discover the beauty and mysteries of comets, asteroids, and cosmic debris in our solar system. Learn about comet tails, asteroid formations, meteor showers, and more. Explore the fascinating world beyond Earth.

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Cosmic Debris and Comets: Exploring Solar System Wonders

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  1. NOTES: Solar System Debris Comets: Nucleus is a dirty snowball (Whipple) from 1-10 km. We see ion tail, a veil of evaporated ions swept back by solar wind. It always points away from the sun, and has a magnetic field creating a glow like the aurora borealis. A dust tail, visible mainly in the infrared, is left in its wake. Comets break up a bit each time they come close to the sun. Debris in earth's orbit creates a meteor shower at a regular time each year. (Like the Leonids--from constellation Leo in mid-November.) The radiation, solar wind sublimate jets, making nucleus spin. Most comets spend most of their time in the Oort Cloud far beyond Pluto. (Few in the Kuiper Belt just beyond Pluto.) Asteroids: space rocks. The asteroid belt: over 100,000 between Mars and Jupiter. Ceres--largest 1000 km diam., Pallas, Vesta, Juno. Either it is a broken up planet or Jupiter's gravity kept it in pieces. Kirkwood gaps--fraction of Jupiter’s period. The Trojans: 700 carried around in gravity wells in front of and behind Jupiter in its orbit (at Lagrangian Points). The Amors--5 large ones that come near earth's orbit. The Apollos--5 large ones that cross earth's orbit. Many others in Kuiper Belt, Oort cloud, and dispersed. Meteors--shooting stars, rocks burning up as they fall in atmos. Meteoroid--rock in space, Meteorite--rock on earth from space, stony to stony-irons. Carbonaceous chondrites-stars. 11 m/s

  2. Dwarf Planets? Eris is 1 ½ Pluto’s size, Sedna is about 4/5ths Pluto’s size. It’s orbit varies from 3 to 10 times Pluto’s distance.

  3. There is speculation that there might be a very large planet • (brown dwarf) at a great distance • Two reasons: • Sumerian lore—the Planet Nibiru • 2. A disturbance in the orbit and spin of Uranus and Neptune.

  4. The Naval Observatory called it Planet X Nemesis is Physicist’s Luis Alvarez’ (asteroid extinction of dinosaurs) name for his theory for explaining periodic extinctions every 25 million years.

  5. Zechariah Sitchin says Nibiru has A period of 3600 years and beings from it brought human genetics. Sumerian writings and drawings suggest a ‘Twelfth Planet’.

  6. Comet Halley appearances: William, the Conqueror invades England--1066

  7. Giotto—the Magi 1304-1306 Comet Halley

  8. A comet in the sky was blamed for the eruption of Mount Vesuvius  in 1631

  9. Mark Twain—1835-1910 ‘I came in with Halley's Comet in 1835. It is coming again next year (1910), and I expect to go out with it. ‘

  10. Sacrifice of Girl Stopped Fanatics About to Offer Up Girl To Foil Comet When Posse Arrives Special to the Washington Post. Aline, Okla. May 18 1910 – Miss Jane Warfield, 16 years old, was today rescued from a band of religious fanatics 25 miles southwest of this place.  She was about to be offered up as a sacrifice to make a blood atonement that the sins of the world might be forgiven.

  11. Solar System Debris Comets: Nucleus is a dirty snowball (Whipple) from 1-10 km. Nucleus of comet Halley:

  12. We see the ion tail, a veil of evaporated ions swept back by solar wind. It always points away from the sun, and has a magnetic field creating a glow like the aurora borealis. A dust tail, visible mainly in the infrared, is left in its wake.

  13. Comet Hale-Bopp—1997. Rare visible dust tail.

  14. Comets break up a bit each time they come close to the sun.

  15. Cometary debris in earth's orbit may create a meteor shower at a regular time each year. (Like the Leonids--from constellation Leo in mid-November.)

  16. The radiation, solar wind sublimates jets, making comet nucleus spin

  17. Most comets spend most of their time in the Oort Cloud far beyond Pluto. (Few in the Kuiper Belt just beyond Pluto.)

  18. Asteroids: space rocks. The asteroid belt: over 100,000 between Mars and Jupiter.

  19. Ceres--largest asteroid in Asteroid Belt--1000 km diam.,

  20. The asteroid belt is either a broken up planet (unlikely) or Jupiter's gravity kept it in pieces. Kirkwood gaps--fraction of Jupiter’s period

  21. The Trojans: 700 carried around in gravity wells in front of and behind Jupiter in its orbit (at Lagrangian Points).

  22. The Amors--5 large ones that come near earth's orbit. The Apollos--5 large ones that cross earth's orbit.

  23. Meteors--shooting stars, rocks burning up as they fall in atmos. Meteoroid--rock in space, Meteorite--rock on earth from space

  24. Stony, irons, stony-irons

  25. Carbonaceous chondrites: with carbon chondreules Formed in supernova explosions

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