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US - Life in the 1920s

US - Life in the 1920s. Lifestyles of the 1920s Post - WWI Tensions Republican Leadership during the 1920s. Women won the right to vote: 19th Amendment, 1920 Change in fashion “Flappers” Short Skirts, short hairdos Lipstick Change in the work place and leisure. Role of Women.

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US - Life in the 1920s

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  1. US - Life in the 1920s Lifestyles of the 1920s Post - WWI Tensions Republican Leadership during the 1920s

  2. Women won the right to vote: 19th Amendment, 1920 Change in fashion “Flappers” Short Skirts, short hairdos Lipstick Change in the work place and leisure. Role of Women

  3. 1917 - Congress passed the 18th Amendment Ratified in 1919 “Bootlegging” Liquor “Speak-Easies” 1933 - Congress passed 21st Amendment Ending Prohibition. Prohibition

  4. Becomes a big Business/Entertainment “Heroes” Baseball: Babe Ruth & Ty Cobb College Football Boxing: Joe Dempsey Sports

  5. Industrial improvements of the 1920s focused on consumer goods: Ice boxes, Autos, & radios Supermarkets were introduced: Invention of cellophane Consumer Habits

  6. Motion Picture was a popular past time Movie stars as celebrities grew. Movie studios began to market films to public’s choice Miss America pageant Atlantic City, 1921 Movies & Film Douglas Fairbanks Lillian Gish Clara Bow Mary Pickford

  7. 1927 musical film. 1st full length feature motion picture, using synchronized dialogue. “Talkies” film. “The Jazz Singer”

  8. 1920 - 9 million registered autos 1930 - 27 million registered autos Tripled 1920 - 387,000 miles of roads 1929 - 662,000 miles of roads Doubled 2009 - 6.1 Million miles Henry Ford & the assembly line production Auto industry employed 3.7 million people in 1929. New Transportation

  9. 1927, First Trans-Atlantic Air Flight. Within 1 year, air travel grew 4x. Air Travel • May 12, 1927. Flew from San Diego, CA to Long Island, NY (22 hours) • May 20, 1927 Flew from Long Island, NY USA to Paris, France. (38 hours) Charles Lindbergh, 25 years old

  10. WWI ends November, 1918 US Celebrates the victory with parades in NYC. 4+ million soldiers return home from being mobilized in the war End of WWI & Victory Parade

  11. Strikes - workers refusal to work unless their demands are met. Prices rose quickly, wages much more slowly Unsafe, unfair business practices 1919 - 4 million workers went on strike. Strikes & Labor Unrest • Famous strikes: • Boston Police Strike, 1919 • No. Indiana Steelworkers, 1919 • United Mine Workers Coal Mine Strike, 1919

  12. 1920, Car bombing, Wall Street, NYC Strikers were subject to hysteria, prone to begin riots. Fearful of pro socialist/communist actions against the American capitalist market system. Fearful of south & eastern European immigrants. “Red Summer” of 1919

  13. Appointed by President Woodrow Wilson. Responsible for the US’ 1st “Red Scare”. “Palmer raids” - rounded up Soviet immigrants, deported or detained them. Acts of government repression. ACLU founded by U. Sinclair & Jane Adams. Provided legal assistance to victims of Palmer’s tactics. Attorney GeneralA. Mitchell Palmer

  14. Patriotic Americans saw a Red agitator behind union organizers and every labor protest. Anti Immigrant feelings were at an all time high. “Red Scare”

  15. April 1920 - a robbery at a factory in So. Braintree, MA, Resulted in two deaths 3 weeks later, these 2 Italian immigrants were arrested. Known Anarchists and protesters of the “Palmer Raids”. Convicted based upon contradictory evidence and testimony. Honorable W. Thayer sentenced the accused to death. Mass American and foreign protest did not change the verdict. Executed on Aug. 23, 1927 Claim - innocent victims of the “Red Scare”. N. Vanetti & B. Sacco

  16. Leader of African Americans in 1920s. “Struggle for Black Identity” Back to Africa movement: hoped to take blacks back to Africa & return with imports/products to trade with in the US markets. His leadership resulted in a growing spirit of race consciousness and race pride. Marcus Garvey

  17. 1925 - KKK march down Pennsylvania Ave. 40,000 man in attendance “Nativists - white Protestant men. Intolerant, Spread hate, Anti- immigrant (foreigners in general), black, Jew, Catholic. 1921 & 1924 - influenced Congress to pass legislation limiting immigration into the US. Ku Klux Klan in Washington D.C.

  18. July, 1925. Dayton, Tennessee John Scopes was arrested and tried for teaching the theory of evolution. Scientific theory of C. Darwin, cited by traditionalists as destroying faith in the Bible. ACLU hired C. Darrow, most famous attorney of the day, to defend Scopes. Took the case without pay. So called “monkey trial” Clarence Darrow & Scopes trial

  19. US - Life in the 1920s Lifestyles of the 1920s Postwar Tensions Republican Leadership during the 1920s

  20. Republican Leadership in the White House Harding • With Warren G. Harding’s inauguration in 1920, began 12 years of Republican leadership in the Capitol. • Presidents Harding, Coolidge & Hoover • Examine their tenure in office and the issues the US faced during this era. Coolidige Hoover

  21. Albert B. Fall, Secretary of Interior • President Harding’s Cabinet was subjected to mismanagement & corruption. • Most infamous case : • “Teapot Dome Scandal” • 1921 - Albert B. Fall gained control of government oil fields & secretly leased them to private oil companies • Teapot Dome, Wyoming • $125k & Hundreds of cattle were give in the form of a bribe. • Conviction, 1 year in jail sentence.

  22. Vice President Coolidge swearing in. • Warren G. Harding died August 2nd, 1923. • Harding was ill from eating tainted crabs while on a trip to Alaska & California. • He was also suffering from bronchial pneumonia. • Calvin Coolidge, Harding’s VP was sworn into office on a farm in Vermont, by his father, a notary public at 2:30 am, August 3, 1923. • He was resworn the next day in Washington D.C. by a Supreme Court Justice. • He was on vacation with family during the summer of 1923.

  23. President Coolidge’s Cabinet • President Coolidge kept most of the Harding Cabinet once he sworn is as President. • Secretary of Treasury: Andrew Mellon • Secretary of State: Charles Evan Hughes • Main New appointee: Attorney General Harlan Fiske Stome. • Stowe was tasked with weeding out the “Ohio Gang”

  24. President Coolidge & family • President Coolidge was a devote family man. • Enjoyed spending time with family vs. time with political leaders from around the country & the world. • Averaged a 4-hour work day. • He was one not to indulge in the extravagance of the 1920’s lifestyle. • He was Pro business, as the US economy improved, Coolidge advocated more & more that government should be guided by business principles & practices.

  25. Coolidge, Mellon & Hoover • Political cartoons like this depicted Coolidge’s opinion on running for reelection in the 1928 election. • Coolidge refused the Republican party’s nomination for President. • Opened the way for Herbert Hoover. • 1924 - “Keep it Cool with Coolidge” • Election of Coolidge, here with Secretary of Treasury Mellon & Secretary of Commerce, Hoover. • All 3 men were pro business. • Industrial output DOUBLED during period 1921 - 1929 • Silent government/laissez-faire in its approach to US business.

  26. Personal & Political views included: Conservative Pro-business Advocate of small federal government Belief in the individual Hoover campaigning in NYC at the Metropolis. Self-made millionaire by 40 Standford University graduate. “Rugged individualism” was his philosophy. Through Hard work & diligence, the American Dream could be possible. Personified the Republican party base. Midwestern, small-town Protestant white American voters. Herbert Hoover

  27. 1928: Herbert Hoover vs. Alfred E. Smith

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