European Nations Settle North America

1. European Nations Settle North America Chapter 4 Section 2

2. I. Competing Claims in North AmericaA. Explorers Establish New France • 1.Giovanni da Verrazzano sailed for the French looking for a sea route to the Pacific but instead found New York Harbor.

3. A. Explorers Establish New France • 2. Jacques Cartier reached the eastern coast of Canada & claimed Montreal for France • 3. Samuel de Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence with 32 colonists and established Quebec: this became the base of France’s colonial empire known as New France

4. I. Competing Claims in North AmericaB. A Trading Empire • 1. France’s North American Empire was immense but the colonist population was sparse

5. B. A Trading Empire • 2. Most colonists did not want to establish roots; were only interested in making money in the fur trade. The opposite of the English goals

6. II. The English Arrive in North AmericaA. The Settlement of Jamestown • 1. French and the Spanish inspired King James to found a colony in the New World • 2. Named after the king the settlement was a disaster; 7 out of 10 people died of hunger, disease, or battles with Natives

7. A. The Settlement of Jamestown • 3. Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement after farmers discovered the cash crop tobacco

8. II. The English Arrive in North AmericaB. Puritans create a “New England” • 1. 1620 a group called the Pilgrims founded a second colony in Plymouth.

9. B. Puritans create a “New England” • 2. They came to the Americas to escape religious persecution in England • 3. The Puritans arrived searching for more religious freedom and they established a colony at nearby Massachussetts Bay

10. C. The Dutch FoundNew Netherlands • The Dutch with the help of Henry Hudson discover and claim the regions surrounding the Hudson River waterways; they also built trading posts to trade with the Iroquois Indians; the fur trade was the economic prize

11. D. Colonizing the Caribbean • 1. The Dutch, English, & French all staked claims throughout all of the islands • 2. Built cotton & sugar plantations with the help of slave labor; financially successful

12. III. The Struggle for North AmericaA. The English Oust the Dutch • 1. The Duke of York expelled the Dutch from New Amsterdam & renamed it New York

13. III. The Struggle for North AmericaB. England Battles France • 1. England’s desire for more land led to the clashing of the two empires

14. III. The Struggle for North AmericaB. England Battles France • 2. Disputes over land in the Ohio Valley led to war called the French and Indian War • 3. British colonists, with help of the British army, were able to defeat the French in 1763