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Ch. 20: Commonwealth and Empire

Ch. 20: Commonwealth and Empire. Utopian society Nationalist gov’t: Workers make decision All cared for Gov’t by the people Egalitarian society Unrealistic due to Big business and capitalism. American Communities: Cooperative Commonwealth. 20.1: Towards a National Governing Class.

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Ch. 20: Commonwealth and Empire

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  1. Ch. 20: Commonwealth and Empire

  2. Utopian society Nationalist gov’t: Workers make decision All cared for Gov’t by the people Egalitarian society Unrealistic due to Big business and capitalism American Communities: Cooperative Commonwealth

  3. 20.1: Towards a National Governing Class

  4. Regulation by gov’t increasing Local & nat’l level interdependent* Taxation increasing Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) –regulation of RR What’s wrong with the ICC? A. Growth of Government

  5. Congress running the country Main issue separating political parties… Tariffs! Who in the US would be in favor/oppose of tariffs? Rep/north/industrialists Dem/south/farmers B. Machinery of Politics

  6. Boss Tweed Hinky Dink Kenna Political Bosses

  7. position based on merit via exams Get rid of the spoils system 3. Taxation of employees for campaigns no longer allowed C. Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (1883)

  8. 20.2: Farmers and Workers Organize Populist Movement (1890s) Farmers come together to challenge RR and the two-party system

  9. akaThe People's Party

  10. Populist Movement Grangers Colored Farmers Alliance Farmers Alliance

  11. Gov’t control major industries; RR, banks, communications Graduated income tax Eradicate monopolies Restrict immigrant/no land Lower tariffs James Weaver A. Populists’ Goals

  12. Corporations such as RR and banks to blame for their hard times Foreign competition = decrease prices of US crops Banned together to dev. own grain elevators, stores, equip to control prices = Cooperatives B. The Grange (1867)(farmers political association)

  13. States have the right to regulate private businesses in the interest of the public Grain storage/ Il Warehouse Act/set rates/14th Amend Munn v. Illinois 4. Munn v. Illinois (1877)

  14. Wanted “Free coinage of silver” to help pay off their debt Negative consequence of all this silver in circulation? C. Farmers’ Alliance & Populist

  15. Began in West Va; spread from coast to coast Supported by community trickle down effect? Pinkertons hired Pres. Hayes sends in federal troops Formation of the National Guard D. Great Uprising of 1877

  16. Strikes by States, 1880

  17. Supported unions Pres. of WCTU a. Prohibition b. Prison reform/prostitution c. Interracial cooperation d. Suffragist Frances E. Willard E. Women Build Alliances

  18. 20.3: The Crisis of the 1890s

  19. RR bankrupt = trickle effect Failing banks Poor agriculture = poor diets Unemployment, homelessness and crime increasing = vagrancy laws Panic of 1893- Think “GD”

  20. Unemployed march to Washington, D.C. Wanted federal gov’t to create jobs via public works projects B. Coxey’s Army

  21. Wage cuts/break union Pinkerton’s hired Fighting ensues Pa. National Guard sent out/scabs hired Conditions worsen: hrs increased, wages cut, union defeated C. Homestead Strike (steel workers)

  22. Wages cut but not rent Il National Guard sent in then federal troops Led by Eugene Debs ARU-American Railway Union Nationwide strike End result: 25 dead D. Pullman Strike

  23. Social Gospel - using Christianity to solve social problems Capitalism evil “What would Jesus Do?”

  24. McKinley (Rep) WJ Bryan (Dem) “Cross of Gold” F. Election of 1896

  25. (271/176) Election 1896

  26. 20.4The Age of Segregation

  27. Establishes the “Separate but equal” Doctrine Gave rise to Jim Crow laws A. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

  28. Literacy test Poll taxes Property qualification Grandfather clause SCJ = ensured “qualified” voters B. Voting Disenfranchisement

  29. Ida B. Wells Red Record NACW Tom Watson Goes from a civil rights supporter to White supremacist C. People U should know

  30. 20.5 and 20.6 covered in next unit: Imperialism and WWI

  31. 20.5Imperialism of Righteousness or Whiteousness? All in the name of imperialism!

  32. Imperialism Controlling another country politically, economically, and militarily Why you ask?

  33. A. Three factors of Imperialism* • Economic competition among industrial nations • Need for raw material • new markets for their products (people to sell it to). • America selling more than it was buying; increase trade/reduce tariffs • Political and Military competition • Strong navy and strategic locations for refueling (pacific islands) • Racial Superiority – • Anglo-Saxonism: English-speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of gov’t • Manifest destiny * Not all Americans believed in imperialism

  34. Anti-Imperialist League United States represents democracy and self determination

  35. B.White Man’s Burden Civilization v. Savagery

  36. Christianity commerce B. Missions

  37. US to intervene if local govt not able to handle revolts/uprisings Want to keep European nations out of LA Great White Fleet C. Good Neighbor Policy

  38. US needed a pit stop to Asia/refuel Stepping stone to Asian markets Queen Lil: “Hawaii for Hawaiians” dethroned by planters supported by marines replaced w/ Sanford Dole 4. Hawaii allowed for construction of Pearl Harbor. 5. 1898: Hawaii formally an American territory D. Hawaii & Queen Lil

  39. US wants to trade w/China; Sec. of St John Hay Boxer Rebellion(1900) – revolt by Chinese rebels wanting foreigners out of their country US sends in troops; put down rebels E. Open Door Policy

  40. 20.6: The Spanish-American War “A Splendid Little War” Short, inexpensive, few causalities, great gains

  41. Why was U.S. so interested in Cuba? Sugar cane plantations = big business; major buyer US impose tariffs (fees/taxes)= ruined economy for Cuba/Spain Jose Marti Cuban rebel lived in NY wanted independence from Spain First attempt failed; second did not = Republic of Cuba, 1895 A. America and Cuba

  42. William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer newspaper owners stories about mistreatment of Cubans Used Yellow journalism- a. exaggerated news = b. Amer. support of Cubans c. “Cubans fed to sharks” 3. Spanish Gen. Weyler “The Butcher” – placed thousands of Cubans in concentration camps B. America Supports Rebels

  43. Pres. McKinley send USS Maine to Havana in case Spanish loyalist attack Americans in Cuba The De Lome letter, by Spanish ambassador, criticizes Pres. McKinley as “weak” USS Maine battleship explodes; Spain blamed Jingoism – aggressive nationalism, supports war April 25, 1898 “lets get ready to rumbllllllllllllle” C. More reasons to support Cuba

  44. 1. U.S. declares war on Spain First battle, in Philippines; Spanish colony; wanted independence from Spain Helped by rebel Emilio Aguinaldo 2. Spain surrenders to Americans not Philippines! Emilio Aguinaldo Commander George Dewey D. War on Two Fronts

  45. 1. Conditions added to the Cuban constitution. Pay back debts to US; not get into debt with other nations No treaties w/other country Allowed US to intervene/protect when necessary build naval station on land; Guantanamo Bay Protectorate – country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger country Repealed 1934 E. Platt Amendment

  46. F. Philippine-American War (1899) • Upset US took over after Spain • Revolted against US • US used same tactics as Spain against Cuba • Cost of war $400m; US paid Spain $20m for Philippines!! • Used lands for sugar plantations. • US controls from 1902-1946 • Why? Stepping stone to Asian markets. • Independence gained July 4,1946

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