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Carolingian Empire 768-900 CE

Carolingian Empire 768-900 CE. Builders of Carolingian Empire. Clovis laid foundation in late 400s, early 500s Charles Martel built the frame of the house in the mid 700s Pepin the Short put the siding on in the late 700s

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Carolingian Empire 768-900 CE

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  1. Carolingian Empire768-900 CE

  2. Builders of Carolingian Empire • Clovis laid foundation in late 400s, early 500s • Charles Martel built the frame of the house in the mid 700s • Pepin the Short put the siding on in the late 700s • Charlemagne (Charles the Great) put the roof on, thus finishing the job in the late 700s, early 800s

  3. Carolingian Family Tree Charles Martel (714-741) Pepin II, the Short (741-768) Carloman (768-771) Charlemagne (768-814)

  4. Renovatio Imperii Romanorum • Memory of the Roman Empire powerful among leaders in the EMAs • Charlemagne no different • Crowned emperor in Rome itself in 800 • His goals as emperor in motto above : • Re-conquer territory • Reestablish law and order • Reestablish culture (built schools, hired scholars)

  5. Charlemagne’s Government • Remember EMAs (no crops, nobody, no cities, little trade, little money) • Had a lot to overcome to achieve goals • Therefore he . . . • Managed his personal lands carefullyhis only guaranteed source of wealth • Strengthened already close relationship with Churchvery powerful at this time in Europe • Constant warfare kept his warriors occupied and rich • SpiesMissi Dominici

  6. Carolingian Power and Authority • Though very good ruler, Charlemagne created a fragile empire • ALL power and authority in his person’s handscontinued success on battlefield ensures this • Loyalty of nobles, Church, peasants, scholars to emperor himself, not to his dynasty, the laws, idea of centralized government • Personal charisma essential to gaining and maintaining such loyalty • All his P&A, and loyalty, died with him • Successors had to re-establish P&A, loyalty all on their ownsuccess in warfare only way to do it • Pepin did it after Charles Martel, Charlemagne after Pepin • Problem? Weak or even mediocre emperors can’t do it

  7. Failures of Louis the Pious • Charlemagne’s son Louis becomes Emperor (814-840) • Did not have charisma or leadership skills to establish own P&A, loyalty of nobles • Nobles and sons rebelled against him • His son Lothar gets the Pope to crown him Emperor in 830 (dad gets “retired”) • When Louis dies in 840, open civil war between the 3 sons

  8. Treaty of Verdun, 843 • 840-843civil war • Brothers decide to divide Carolingian Empire between them • Lothar, the Emperor (centergreen) • Louis, the German (Eastbrown) • Charles, the Bald (Westorange) • Divided and weakened (sound familiar?)

  9. Carolingian Family Tree Charles Martel (714-741) Pepin II, the Short (751-768) Carloman (768-771) Charlemagne (768-814) Louis the Pious (814-840) Lothar the Emperor (830/43-855) Louis the German (843-876) Charles the Bald (843-877)

  10. Treaty of Verdun, 843 A.D. Aix-la-Chapelle= Aachen, Charlemagne’s Capital

  11. Collapse of Carolingian Empire • Invasions in late 800s and 900s took advantage of this divided Empire • Vikings (north) • Muslims (south) • Magyars (east) • Empire unable to withstand these attacks • By 900 no central power and authority remained (Empire existed in name only) • Chaos in EuropeLed to feudalism

  12. Carolingian Renaissance • Charlemagne invested heavily in education (hired smart teachers, built schools, encouraged book making) • Built and decorated numerous palaces, churches, monasteries • Led to flowering of art known as Carolingian Renaissance • A rebirth of art after centuries of decline • Tried to imitate Roman art and architecture, but lacked Roman technology and know-how • Limitedonly clergy involved

  13. Carolingian statue (Charlemagne?), 9th Century Statue of Roman Emperor, Marcus Aurelius, 165 C.E.

  14. Arch of Constantine, c. 315 C.E.

  15. Gateway of the Abbey of Lorsch, 768-74

  16. Illuminated Manuscripts • Charlemagne emphasized education and preservation of learning • Much of the Carolingian Art we have left in form of books • Made in the schools and monasteries he established (most famous in Aachen, run by Alcuin of York)

  17. St. Mark, Ebbo Gospels, 9th Century St. Matthew, Ebbo Gospels, 9th Century How are these picture an example of the cliché, “Life imitates art?”

  18. Carolingian Minuscule • Charlemagne’s schools and monasteries used same book-making methods • Including same script (handwriting style) • So distinctive and so widespread that now known as Carolingian Minuscule

  19. Examples of Carolingian Minuscule

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