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Present Subjunctive: Spanish 3 Chapters 2-3

Present Subjunctive: Spanish 3 Chapters 2-3. Spanish has 2 moods, indicative and subjunctive. 1. The subjunctive mood is frequently used in Spanish to express an action that is desired or hoped for but that may or may not take place.

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Present Subjunctive: Spanish 3 Chapters 2-3

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  1. Present Subjunctive: Spanish 3 Chapters 2-3

  2. Spanish has 2 moods, indicative and subjunctive. • 1. The subjunctive moodis frequently used in Spanish to express an action that is desired or hoped for but that may or may not take place. • 2. The indicative moodindicates or expresses actions that definitely are taking place, did take place, or will take place. Examples: • Indicative: Carlos paga sus gastos personales. • Subjunctive: Los padres de Carlos quieren que él pague sus gastos personales.

  3. Indicative: Carlos paga sus gastos personales. • Subjunctive: Los padres de Carlos quieren que él pague sus gastos personales. • *Notice the formation of the sentence. The independent clause has one subject and a verb in the indicative, the dependent clause has a different subject and a verb in the subjunctive, and they are usually connected by the word "que."

  4. 3. To form the present subjunctive: • a. Conjugate to “yo” form(present indicative tense) • b. Drop –o • c. Add “opposite endings” -arverbs -er/-ir verbs e emos a amos es as e en a an

  5. Examples: • Ex: Hablar-hablø - hable • …que yo hable ...que nosotros hablemos • …que tú hables ------------- • …que él …que ellos • …que ella hable …que ellas hablen • …que usted …que ustedes

  6. Ex: Poner-pongø -ponga • …que yo ponga ...que nosotros pongamos • …que tú pongas ------------- • …que él …que ellos • …que ella ponga …que ellas pongan • …que usted …que ustedes

  7. Ex: Conocer-conozcø -conozca • …que yo conozca ...que nosotros conozcamos • …que tú conozcas ------------- • …que él …que ellos • …que ella conozca …que ellas conozcan • …que usted …que ustedes

  8. 4. Any verb that has an irregular “yo” form in the present tense of the indicative will maintain that irregularity in all forms of the present subjunctive.

  9. 5. –AR and –ER stem-changing verbs –AR and –ER stem-changing verbs will have the same stem-change in the subjunctive as the present indicative (stem-changes in all except the nosotros form). pensar- piensø –piense Contar-cuentø-cuente Piense *pensemos cuente *contemos pienses --------- cuentes ----------- piensepiensencuentecuenten

  10. 6. The –IR stem-changing verbs The –IR stem-changing verbs such as preferir and dormir have an additional change in the present subjunctive. Note that the nosotros (and vosotros) forms of preferir have an –i and the nosotros (and vosotros) forms of dormir have a –u. Examples: preferir- prefierø –prefiera Dormir-duermø -duerma Prefiera *prefiramos duerma *durmamos prefieras -------- duermas ---------- Prefieraprefieranduermaduerman

  11. The “e” of –IR stem-changing verbs, such as pedir and servir, changes to “i” in all of the forms of the present subjunctive. Examples:  pedir- pidø - pida Servir-sirvø -sirva pida pidamos sirva sirvamos pidas -------- sirvas ---------- pida pidan sirva sirvan

  12. 7. Verbs that are –gar, -car, -zar 7. Verbs that are –gar, -car, -zar will keep the spelling change throughout the subjunctive. -gar to –gu/ -car to –qu/ -zar to –c Jugar-juegue/ buscar-busque/ empezar-empiece *Note that if it is a stem-changing verb, a reminder that there will be no stem-change in the nosotros but the spelling changes will occur. Ex: empezar- empiezo- empiece empieceempecemos empieces ------------- empieceempiecen

  13. 8. There are 6 irregulars in the present subjunctive

  14. Uses of the Subjunctive

  15. Use 1: Expressing Opinions • When you need to express an opinion about something that may or may not take place, the Subjunctive is used with the one of the following impersonal expressions:  EX: Es importante que ellos tengan buenos modales. (Itisimportantthattheyhavegoodmanners.)

  16. Use 2: Expressing wishes, preferences or demands. We have used the subjunctive with Querer showing that though we want something that may or may not happen. For the same reason, it can be used after the following verbs: 1) Desear - to desire 2) Esperar - to hope 3) Preferir - to prefer 4) Mandar - to order 5) Insistir en - to insist that 6) Ojala - I hope (God willing) Examples: Espero que vengan mis amigos. (I hope that my friends come.)

  17. Use 3: Expressing emotional reactions The subjunctive is required in a dependent clause after an expression of emotion, EVEN IF the information is/could be factual. Some verbs that express emotion are: 1)alegrarse de - to be happy that 2)estaralegre - to be happy 3)estarcontento(a) - to be content 4)estartriste - to be sad 5)sentir - to feel (badly) 6)ser unalástima - to be a shame/pity 7)sorprender - to surprise 8) temer - to fear 9) tener miedo de - tobeafraid 10) gustar - to like Examples: Estoyalegreque mi hermanavenga a mi casa. (I am happy that my sister comes to my house.)

  18. Use 4:Giving advice/making suggestions. The subjunctive is used with the following verbs because even though someone asks, advises, or tells someone to do something, it is not certain to happen. 1)Pedir - to ask for 2)Rogar/ Suplicar - to beg, plead 3)Sugerir - to suggest 4)Aconsejar - to advise 5)Exigir - to demand 6)Mandar - to demand 7)Negar - to deny 8)Decir - to tell (as a command) 9)Escribir - to write (as a command) Example: Ella me pidequeyovaya. (She asks me to go) *Note that Decir and Escribir are only used with the subjunctive when they are intended as a command. Ex: Yo le digo que vaya. (I tell her to go.)

  19. Use 5: Expressing doubt or uncertainty The subjunctive is used with expressions of doubt or uncertainty, but not with those that imply certainty. Follow the chart: Subjunctive Indicative Dudar – to doubt No dudar –not to doubt Es dudoso – it is doubtful No esdudoso – it is not doubtful No estarseguro (a) – to be unsure Estarseguro (a) – to be sure No creer – to disbelieve Creer –to believe/think No escierto – it is not true Es cierto – it is true No pensar- to not think Pensar- to think No saber- to not know Saber- to know Examples: Yo creo que hablaré con mi madre hoy. (I believe/think that I will talk to my mom today.) [INDICATIVE]  Yo no creo que hable con mi abuela hoy. (I do not believe/think that I will talk to my Grandma today.) [SUBJUNCTIVE]

  20. Use 6: Subjunctive after certain conjunctions In addition to the conjunction “que,” the subjunctive is used after the following conjunctions because the information that follows is not necessarily real. 1) paraque - so that 2) de modoque - so that, in such a way that 3) de maneraque - so that, in such a way that 4) con tal de que - providedthat 5) sin que - unless, without 6) a menosque - unless Examples: Marta no irá a menos que tú la acompañes. Ellos harán el viaje con tal de que vayamos en tren. El profesor te lo explica de manera que comprendas

  21. Present Subjunctive Practice: Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb in parenthesis in the Present Sub. Then, translate the sentences to English. 1) Mi mamá quiere que yo _________ mucho a casa. (llamar) 2) Los padres quieren que sus hijos _________ mucho. (estudiar) 3) Mr Tomas insiste en que nosotros _______ a tiempo a clase. (llegar) 4) La maestra quiere que los estudiantes ________ una historia. (escribir) 5) El doctor insiste en que ella _________ su medicina. (tomar) 6) Su madre insiste en que él _______ la cama y _______ su cuarto. (hacer, limpiar)

  22. 7) Yo quiero que tú ________ la puerta. (cerrar) 8) Él quiere que su novia ________ la cuenta. (pedir) 9) Yo quiero que Uds._________ su tarea en la canasta de entregas. (poner) 10) Insistimos en quenuestra amigo ______ la verdad. (saber) 11) Quiere que tú le _______ el libro. (dar) 12) Quieren que nosotros ____________ con ellos al cine. (salir)

  23. Subjunctive Practice 2: Fill in the blanks correctly with the verbs in parenthesis, either in the indicative or the subjunctive depending. Then, translate the sentences to English. 1) Yo _________ que nosotros no _______ tarea hoy. (esperar, tener) 2) Juan ________ que nosotros_________ a la playa con él. (preferir, ir) 3) Los abuelos __________ que sus nietos ________ en su casa. (desear, comer) 4) Los maestros ________ que los alumnos ________ mucho. (mandar, estudiar) 5) Sara _______ que su novio no _______ con ella en Prom. (tener miedo de, bailar) 6) Mis padres ___________ que yo ________ buenas notas. (esperar, sacar)

  24. 7) Es importante que los niños _________ mucha leche. (beber) 8) Es mejor que nosotros no _________ el día antes de un examen. (salir) 9) Es improbable que nosotros__________ un día libre! (tener) 10) Es necesario que mi hermana _________ mucho en la escuela. (trabajar) 11)Es bueno que tú _________ durante el fin de semana. (relajar) 12) Es probable que ________ sol y calor durante el verano. (hacer)

  25. Subjunctive Practice 3 Fill in with the present subjunctive. Translate into English. 1)Estoy triste que Luis no _______________. (venir) 2)Me sorprende que él ______________ enfermo. (estar) 3)Siento que él __________________ en el hospital.(estar) 4)Estoy contento que su condición se ____________. (mejorar) 5)Es una lástima que él ____________ que guardar cama. (tener) 6)Mi primo me aconseja que _____________ a la fiesta. (ir)

  26. Subjunctive or Indicative? Why? 7)Yo creo que el mundo (es/sea) redondo. 8)Creo que (hace/haga) calor en Arizona. 9)Dudo que la fiesta (es/sea) el domingo. 10)Es cierto que él (recibe/reciba) muchos regalos. 11)Dudo que él (da/dé) la fiesta en casa. 12)Estoy seguro que (es/sea) el sábado.

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