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Introduction to Textual Analysis

Introduction to Textual Analysis. Lone Albrecht English Dept. ASB. Who is Roman Jakobson. http://www.rucnyt.ruc.dk/old/9697/15/969715-02.html And in English http://www.press.jhu.edu/books/hopkins_guide_to_literary_theory/roman_jakobson.html. A Communication Situation. Sender Receiver

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Introduction to Textual Analysis

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  1. Introduction to Textual Analysis Lone Albrecht English Dept. ASB

  2. Who is Roman Jakobson • http://www.rucnyt.ruc.dk/old/9697/15/969715-02.html And in English • http://www.press.jhu.edu/books/hopkins_guide_to_literary_theory/roman_jakobson.html Jakobson and Language Functions

  3. A Communication Situation • Sender • Receiver • Message • Referent • Medium • Social context • Code Jakobson and Language Functions

  4. A Communication Model Jakobson and Language Functions

  5. Medium - Speech • Transient • Physical presence • Intonation, stress, tempo, rhythm • False starts • More or less premeditated, planned and organized • Implicitness • Body language Jakobson and Language Functions

  6. Medium - Writing • Permanent • No physical presence • Alliteration, assonance • No false starts • Premeditated • Planned & organized • Explicitness • punctuation Jakobson and Language Functions

  7. Jakobson’s Language Functions • Sender • Receiver • Message • Context • Channel • Code Jakobson and Language Functions

  8. A Couple of examples • I’m terribly sorry to interrupt, but if you would be so kind as to lower your voices a little. • Will you belt up • It was a burning hot day; the air was stifling; one could hardly breathe even near the sea. • It was a beautiful warm day; the air was like velvet; the sea air was invigorating. • Nice weather today! Jakobson and Language Functions

  9. Model for textual analysis – The Jakobson way • 1. Informative • Focus on content, explanation, definition, description as reflected in: • Frames • Choice of words: denotative connotative, abstract, concrete, technical, non-technical etc. • Sentence structure: simple, compound, complex, mixed • Group structure: complexity of NG • Information structure: theme, rheme, focus; linkage. Jakobson and Language Functions

  10. - continued • Expressive • Focus on sender’s attitude to topic: positive, negative, ironical, sentimental etc. • Focus on sender’s attitude to receiver: equal, authority, personal, impersonal, solidarity etc. • As reflected in choice of words, sentence structure etc. Jakobson and Language Functions

  11. - continued • Directive • Focus on receiver: • Explicit – order, request, demand, warning, advice etc. • Implicit – through expressive means changing people’s mind Jakobson and Language Functions

  12. - continued • Phatic • Focus on the ’channel’ between sender and receiver for the purpose of inviting or maintaining communication • Reflected in use of pronouns, rhetorical expressions Jakobson and Language Functions

  13. - continued • Poetic • Focus on form • Reflected in: imagery such as metaphor, simily, puns, allegory, assonance, etc. Jakobson and Language Functions

  14. - continued • Metalingual • Focus on language itself. Language turned back on itself, language about language: • Reflected in terminology of linguistics: adjective, pronoun, sentence, etc. – and questions like ’What do you mean when you say…..?’ Jakobson and Language Functions

  15. The end… Jakobson and Language Functions

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