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Formed Elements in Blood

Formed Elements in Blood. Ch. 14 Circulatory System Anatomy & Physiology Miss Hillemann Neshaminy High School. Hemopoiesis. Production of most formed elements found in the blood First occurs in the yolk sac of an embryo and later in the liver, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes of a fetus.

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Formed Elements in Blood

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  1. Formed Elements in Blood Ch. 14 Circulatory SystemAnatomy & Physiology Miss Hillemann Neshaminy High School

  2. Hemopoiesis • Production of most formed elements found in the blood • First occurs in the yolk sac of an embryo and later in the liver, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes of a fetus. • Last three months before birth, red bone marrow becomes primary site of hemopoiesis and continues as the source of blood cells after birth and throughout life.

  3. Erythrocytes • A.k.a. red blood cells (RBCs) • Amount in blood: 4-6 million • Life Span: 120 Days • Biconcave disc without nucleus • Function: transport oxygen in hemoglobin

  4. Leukocytes • A.k.a. white blood cells (WBCs) • Amount in blood: 4,000 to 10,000 • Life Span: 13-20 Days • Nucleated? Yes • Function: fight viruses and bacteria-immunity-move out of capillaries to site of infection • Classified as granular or agranular

  5. Granulated - Neutrophil • Respond 1st to bacterial invasion • Function: Phagocytosis (engulf bacteria) and releasing enzymes (i.e. lysozyme) • Multi-lobed nucleus • 54 - 62% of white cells present

  6. Granulated - Eosinophil • orange histamine granules – released during allergic reactions • Effective against certain parasitic worms • Helps to detoxify foreign substances • Secretes enzymes that break down clots • 1 - 3% of white cells present

  7. Granulated - Basophil • Blue granules • Releases anticoagulant heparin • < 1% white cells

  8. Agranulated cells - lymphocytes • Large nucleus • Makes antibodies • Fights viruses • B cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells • 20 - 40% of white cells

  9. Agranulated cells - monocytes • Pac Man Cells • Phagocytic cells • Garbage man cell of the blood • 3 - 9%

  10. Platelets - thrombocytes • Amount in blood: 150 to 400,000 • Life Span: 5-9 Days • Nucleated? In bone marrow – not peripheral blood • Function: enable clotting

  11. Blood Clotting • A.k.a. coagulation • Clotting factors: Ca2+, enzymes made by liver cells, and various molecules associated with platelets or released by damaged tissues • Three stages: • Prothrombinase is formed. • Prothrombinase converts prothrombin into the enzyme thrombin. • Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin. Fibrin forms the threads of the clot.

  12. Blood Vessel Repair • Once a clot is formed, it plugs the ruptured area of the blood vessel and thus stops blood loss. • Clot retraction- consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot. • Fibrin threats attached to the damaged surfaces of the blood vessel gradually contract as platelets pull on them. • As the clot retracts, it pulls the edges of the damaged vessel closer together. • Fibroblasts form connective tissue. • Endothelial cells repair vessel lining.

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