JAPANESE CONQUEST & TRIUMPH

1. JAPANESE CONQUEST & TRIUMPH DECEMBER 1941 – MAY, 1942

2. IMPORTANT GEOGRAPHIC AREAS (see map,p.260) • THE PHILIPPINES • TAIWAN (FORMOSA) • INDOCHINA • MALAYA (MALAYAN PENINSULA) • SINGAPORE • INDONESIA • BURMA • NEW GUINEA • THE SOLOMON ISLANDS • THE CORAL SEA • AUSTRALIA • MIDWAY ISLAND • WAKE ISLAND • GUAM ISLAND

3. KEY INDIVIDUALS • ADMIRAL CHESTER NIMITZ, USN • ADMIRAL RAYMOND SPRUANCE, USN • ADMIRAL FRANK FLETCHER, USN • ADMIRAL WILLIAM HALSEY, USN • ADMIRAL ISORUKU YAMAMOTO, IJN • ADMIRAL CHUICHI NAGUMO, IJN • GENERAL DOUGLAS MacARTHUR, USA • GENERAL ARTHUR PERCIVAL, UK • GENERAL TOMOYUKI YAMASHITA, IJA

4. KEY DATES • DEC. 8, 1941: WAKE ISLAND CAPTURED • DEC. 10, 1941: GUAM ISLAND CAPTURED • JAN. 27, 1942: BATTLE OF THE JAVA SEA • FEB. 15, 1942: SINGAPORE SURRENDERS • APRIL 9, 1942: BATAAN SURRENDER / BATAAN DEATH MARCH BEGINS • APRIL 22, 1942: BURMA SURRENDERS TO JAPANESE • MAY 6, 1942: • FALL OF CORREGIDOR • PHILIPPINES ARE JAPANESE-CONTROLLED

5. POLITICAL MAP OF THE WORLD

7. JAPANESE EXPANSION &CONQUEST INS.E. ASIA & THESOUTH PACIFIC,1941-42

8. 1941-42 JAPANESE EXPANSION • WHERE? • INTO WHAT AREAS OF ASIA & THE PACIFIC DID JAPAN EXTEND HER EMPIRE IN LATE 1941, EARLY 1942? • FRENCH INDOCHINA • THAILAND • MALAYAN PENINSULA / SINGAPORE • INDONESIA • PHILIPPINES • BURMA • NEW GUINEA • PACIFIC ISLANDS (WAKE, GUAM, etc.) • WHY? • WHAT WERE THE SPECIFIC REASONS FOR CONQUEST IN EACH AREA? • INDOCHINA: RUBBER, FOOD • THAILAND: FOOD, STRATEGIC LOCATIONS (military) • MALAYA / SINGAPORE: NAVAL BASES (strategic location) • INDONESIA: OIL, MINERALS • PHILIPPINES: STRATEGIC LOCATIONS (military) • BURMA: STAGING AREA FOR INVASION OF INDIA • NEW GUINEA: • STRATEGIC LOCATION • STAGING AREA FOR INVASION OF AUSTRALIA • PACIFIC ISLANDS: OUTLER LINE OF MILITARY BASES

11. BREWSTER F2A “BUFFALO” FIGHTER PLANE IN R.A.F. SERVICE, SINGAPORE, 1941

12. R.A.F. SQUADRON WITH F2A BUFFALO PLANES, MALAYA, 1941

13. MITSUBISHI GM1/2 “BETTY” HEAVY BOMBER, 1941-42

14. MITSUBISHI “BETTY” BOMBERS IN FORMATION

17. IJA TROOPS CROSSING RIVER W/BICYCLES, PHILIPPINES,1942

18. SINGAPORE • MALAYA & SINGAPORE: • BRITISH-HELD COLONY THAT CONTROLLED WATER ROUTES FROM PACIFIC TO INDIAN OCEAN • STRAIT OF MALACCA – MOST IMPORTANT WATER ROUTE • SINGAPORE: BRITISH NAVAL / MILITARY BASE AT ENTRANCE TO STRAIT OF MALACCA • JAPANESE NEEDED LOCATION FOR FURTHER EXPANSION • JAN.-FEB., 1942: JAPANESE ASSAULT MALAYA & SINGAPORE • BRITISH DEFENSIVE POSITIONS ARE TOO THIN • JAPANESE ASSAULT IS RAPID • FEB. 15, 1942: SINGAPORE SURRENDERS • FALL OF SINGAPORE IS DISASTER FOR BRITISH & ALLIES • LARGEST SURRENDER IN BRITISH MILITARY HISTORY (130,000 TROOPS) • Q: WHY IS FALL OF SINGAPORE SO DEVESTATING FOR ALLIES?

19. JAPANESE INVASION OF MALAYA AND SINGAPORE, DEC. – FEB., 1941-42

20. JAPANESE 25TH ARMY ADVANCES, MALAYA,DEC. – FEB., 1941-42

21. JAPAN’S ASSAULT ON MALAYA,JAN. – FEB. 1941-42

22. Lt.GEN. ARTHUR PERCIVAL,COMMANDER, SINGAPORE

23. JAPANESE ASSUALT ON SINGAPORE FEBRUARY, 1942

24. BRITISH SURRENDER TO JAPANESE, SINGAPORE, FEB. 15, 1942

25. GEN. TOMOYUKI YAMASHITA,IJA, “THE TIGER OF MALAYA”

26. TOMOYUKI YAMASHITA

27. GEN. PERCIVAL SURRENDERS SINGAPORE TO GEN. YAMASHITA

28. JAPANESE TROOPSCELEBRATE THE FALL OF SINGAPORE

29. BRITISH TROOPS SURRENDER AT SINGAPORE

30. BRITISH ARMY OFFICERS SURRENDER TO JAPANESE

31. JAPANESE EXPANSION & CONQUEST IN S.E. ASIA & THE SOUTH PACIFIC, DEC.,’41-MAY ‘42

32. INDONESIA & S. PACIFIC • FALL OF SINGAPORE: • GIVES JAPAN CONTROL OF STRAIT OF MALACCA • PROVIDES BASE FOR ASSAULT ON INDONESIA • INDONESIA: • JAPAN NEEDS RESOURCES FOUND THERE: • OIL • METALS • WILL PROVIDE BASE FOR ASSAULT ON NEW GUINEA • AUSTRALIANS CANNOT DEFEND AUSTRALIA w/out ALLIED SUPPORT • ALLIES POOL FORCES AND CREATED “ABDA” FORCE • “ABDA” (AMERICAN-BRITISH-DUTCH-AUSTRALIAN) • RELIES ON ALLIED NAVAL FORCES TO PREVENT CONQUEST OF INDONESIA • FEB. 27, 1942: BATTLE OF JAVA SEA: JAPANESE DEFEAT ALLIED NAVAL FORCE • MARCH 12, 1942: DUTCH SURRENDER INDONESIA • RESULT? • NEW GUINEA IS OPEN FOR INVASION • AUSTRALIA IS DIRECTLY THREATENED WITH INVASION

33. THE PHILIPPINES • WHEN? • DEC., 1941-MAY, 1942 • WHY? • U.S. PACIFIC FORCES ARE THERE & ARE THREAT TO JAPAN • STRATEGIC LOCATION FOR EXPANSION • GEN. DOUGLAS MacARTHUR IS IN COMMAND • U.S. / FILIPINO FORCES ARE… • UNDERSTRENGTH (only 28,ooo combat-ready troops)* • UNPREPARED • ISOLATED FROM U.S. • *More troops were available, but they weren’t adequately prepared for combat • DEC.8, 1941: ATTACK BEGINS; U.S. AIR FORCES DESTROYED (similar to Pearl Harbor) • MacARTHUR DOESN’T REACT QUICKLY • JAPANESE ASSAULT IS RAPID – LIKE MALAYA • LATE DEC./EARLY JAN. – ALLIED FORCES PUSHED INTO BATAAN PENINSULA & CORREGIDOR ISLAND • MARCH 12: MacARTHUR ORDERED TO LEAVE BY F.D.R. • APRIL 9, 1942: BATAAN FORCES SURRENDER; BATAAN DEATH MARCH BEGINS • MAY 6, 1942: CORREGIDOR SURRENDERS • RESULT? PHILIPPINES ARE CONTROLLED BY JAPAN • SO WHAT?

34. GENERAL DOUGLASMacARTHUR, COMMANDER, U.S. FORCES, PHILIPPINESLATER COMMANDER, U.S. FORCES,SOUTHWEST PACIFIC

35. GEN. DOUGLAS MacARTHUR

36. MacARTHUR STATUE,PRESENT-DAY,PHILIPPINES“I SHALL RETURN”Douglas MacArthur, 1942

37. LT. GENERAL MASAHARU HOMMA, COMMANDING OFFICER,JAPANESE FORCES, PHILIPPINES, 1942

38. JAPANESE INVASION OFTHE PHILIPPINES, 1941-42

39. THE FALL OF BATAAN,APRIL 1942

40. THE FALL OF CORREGIDOR, MAY 1942

42. JAPANESE TROOPS GIVING “BANZAI” AFTER FALL OF CORREGIDOR

44. U.S. & FILIPINO PRISONERS AFTER SURRENDER TO JAPANESE

45. BATAAN DEATH MARCHBEGINS

46. THE BATAAN DEATH MARCH • WHEN? APRIL 9 – 16, 1942 • WHERE? BATAAN PENINSULA, PHILIPPINES • WHAT? • FORCED MARCH OF U.S. & FILIPINO P.O.W.s FROM BATAAN PENINSULA TO CAMP O’DONNELL (JAPANESE PRISON CAMP) • APPROXIMATELY 80,000 U.S. & FILIPINO P.O.W.s (approx. 67,000 FILIPINOS, 12,000 U.S., & 1,000 CHINESE-FILIPINOS) • WHAT HAPPENED? • JAPANESE HAD UNDERESTIMATED # OF P.O.W.s THEY WOULD HAVE TO TRANSPORT • DID NOT HAVE ADEQUATE SUPPLIES & TRANSPORT FOR ALL P.O.W.s • FORCED MARCH WAS JAPANESE SOLUTION • DISTANCE TO P.O.W. CAMP WAS 65 mi. (approx. distance) • JAPANESE GUARDS COMMIT NUMEROUS ATROCITIES AGAINST P.O.W.s DURING MARCH • EXAMLES: SHOOTING, BAYONETINGS, BEHEADINGS, BEATINGS, DENIAL OF WATER/FOOD, THEFT, RAPE • FINAL RESULT? • ONLY 54,000 OF TOTAL # REACHED CAMP O’DONNELL • CASUALTIES: 10,000 FILIPINO, 700 U.S. KILLED (approx.) – 25% DEATH RATE • MORE DIED OVER TIME IN P.O.W. CAMPS • NEWS OF BATAAN DETAH MARCH REACHED U.S. & U.S. PUBLIC IS ENRAGED • PERPETRATORS WERE TRIED FOR WAR CRIMES AFTER WWII

49. DEATH MARCH NEARS PRISON CAMP