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On the radial extent of the dwarf irregular galaxy IC 10 N. Sanna et al. 2010, ApJ, 722, L244 20 11 Jun 2 김 상 철 (Sang Chul KIM). 2MASS JHK image. 11.7’ x 11.7’. Dwarf galaxies. dwarf elliptical (dE). Dwarf spheroidal (dSph). compact elliptical (cE). Dwarf irregular (dI, dIrr).
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On the radial extent of the dwarf irregular galaxy • IC 10 • N. Sanna et al. 2010, ApJ, 722, L244 • 2011 Jun2 • 김 상 철 (Sang Chul KIM)
2MASS JHK image 11.7’ x 11.7’
Dwarf galaxies dwarf elliptical (dE) Dwarf spheroidal (dSph) compact elliptical (cE) Dwarf irregular (dI, dIrr) Blue compact dwarf (BCD)
Tidal radius of IC 10 • Dwarf irregular galaxy • Recent and strong star formation the only local group (LG) analog of starburst galaxies • previous : rt ≤ 10’ • Massey & Armandroff (1995) : D ∼ 7’ • Jarrett et al. (2003) : D ∼ 6’ • Tikhonov & Galazutdinova (2009) : thick disk, minor axis ~ 10.5’ • Demers et al. (2004) : halo D ∼ 30’ • HI cloud : covers > 1° (62’ x 80’) • This study : • red giant (RG) stars at r = 18’ – 23’ • excess of stars (compared to model) at r = 34’ – 42’
IC 10 – basic parameters (from NED mostly) • α(J2000) = 00:20:17.3, δ= +59:18:14, l = 118.96, b = -3.33 • Vel = -348 km/s, B = 11.8 mag • IBm V-VI • Diameter = 6.8’ x 5.9’ • (m-M)0 = 24.56 ± 0.58, d = 846 ± 274 kpc (NED) • (m-M)0 = 24.60 ±0.15, d = 830 kpc (TRGB, Sanna et al. 2008) • Galactic extinction E(B-V) = 1.527, AB=6.588 mag M. Kim et al. (2009, ApJ, 703, 816) d = 715 ± 10 ± 60 kpc
HI envelope 80’ 1˚ 62’ Huchtmeier (1979) Cohen (1979)
Photometric data • Space : HST/ACS, HST/WFPC2 • α, βγ, δ • Ground : Subaru 8.2m/Suprime-Cam, CFHT 3.6m/Mega-Cam • εζ
Fig 1 ζ (CFHT) r~30’ ε (Subaru) r ~ 18’/23’ Fig 1 δ α,β,γ D = 13’ Subaru/Suprime-Cam : shallow (VRI) and deep (VRI) images CFHT/Mega-Cam : g (3 x 700 s), i (3 x 400 s)
Results Fig 2
Fig 2 • Limiting magnitude • HST : deep, accurate C, W : limiting mag of I~25.5 – 26, V ~ 26.5 – 27 • Subaru : same I ~ 25, V ~ 26 • CFHT : shallow I ~ 22.5, V ~ 24.5
Fig 2 2. Young MS stars : strong radial gradient 18 ≤ I ≤ 25.5, 1 ≤ V-I ≤ 1.5 N : decreases rapidly as r ↑
Fig 2 3. Different apparent colors of RGB stars differential reddening W, RGB ridge line estimate in Subaru data S4, blue field stars’ ridge line estimate in CFHT data along the semimajor axis : E(B-V) = 0.78 ± 0.10 Subaru data regions : constant at E(B-V) = 0.63 ± 0.10 CFHT data regions : similar (E(B-V) = 0.63 ± 0.10) or smaller (E(B-V) = 0.40 ± 0.10)
Field stars Fig 2 4. Old RGB stars : ubiquitous α-enhanced isochrone of 13 Gyr, [M/H] = -0.66, Y = 0.251 (Pietrinferni+ 06) stars in 21 ≤ I ≤ 26, 1 ≤ V-I ≤ 2.5 : bona fide old- and intermediate-age RGB stars
Fig 2 5. CFHT data - same field contamination as the Subaru data - small overdensity of stars in the TRGB region (21 ≤ I ≤ 22, 2 ≤ V-I ≤ 3.5)
Radial extent of IC 10 • Significantly underestimated! • Subaru data r > 18’ – 23’ • CFHT data probably D > 1°
Simulated CMDsfor the field stars Fig 3 E(B-V) = 0.63 ± 0.10 sky area = 1˚× 1˚ Pisa MW model (Castellani+ 02, Cignoni+ 06) Padova MW model (Girardi+ 05) 1.74 1.53 1.59 1.38 Star count ratios N(observed stars) /N(candidate field stars) Evidence of IC 10 stars at the position of the TRGB (I = 21.66 ± 0.25) 4σ 3σ
E(B-V) = 0.78±0.06 0.63±0.09 Fig 4 Fig 4 : stars within r < 6.5’ To select member stars Young MS Intermediate-age Space data Old- & intermediate-age RGs Subaru/Suprime-Cam data Pietrinferni et al. (2004) isochrones
Total luminosity • LV~ 9.13 × 107 L⊙, MV = -15.11 • : outermost regions (ζ) are not included lower limit • LV~ 1.6 × 108 L⊙ (Mateo 1998), MV = -16.0 (Richer+ 01) • : literature – only covers the innermost regions • Difference robust identification of field stars in this study • blue arrow in panel (c) • adopted distance and reddening
E(B-V) = 0.78±0.06 0.63±0.09 Fig 4 Fig 4 : stars within r < 6.5’ To select member stars Young MS Intermediate-age Space data Old- & intermediate-age RGs Candidate field stars Subaru/Suprime-Cam data Pietrinferni et al. (2004) isochrones
M/L ratio • Only in the regions where rotational velocity measurements are available (D = 13’) • LV~ 5.88 × 107 L⊙ (MV = -14.63) • Mtot~ 6.2 × 108 M⊙ • M/L ~ 10 M⊙/L⊙ • ※ Woo et al. (2008) : M/L ∼0.9 • HI cloud (> 1°) association…