Flax

1. Flax

2. Flax Hans Christian Andersen The flax was in bloom, covered with beautiful blue corollas very satisfied with its beauty and with pride it thought that it would turn into a very beautiful cloth. The poles of the fence repeated that as it didn’t know life, it couldn’t understand, didn't know to what was happening and that its life would be short, but the flax didn't agree at all. Life for the flax was really about to change, in fact some men arrived in the field and brutally tore the flax from the earth with its roots, then they dipped it in the water and subsequently they passed it through fire.  The poor flax thought that life cannot always be all right and goining experience needs suffering. But for that poor flax it seemed that sufferings didn't have to see the end, in fact it was beaten, frayed and put on the spinning machine and then on a loom and here turned into a splendid roll of white cloth.  The flax was proud of if self, it had suffered a lot however the results were excellent and thought that the poles were wrong.

3. It had become very important, everybody worried about it, the house maids exposed it in the sun, they turned it upside down every morning while they were making the bed, even the mayor’s wife had spoken about it in public, saying that there was not a better cloth in the whole country.  One day, the flax roll was put on a table in the house and turned into a dozen of pieces of linen. Time went by and in the long run the linen wore down thanks to scissors and meedles.  The flax was sorry as it thought that it would last some more, however it consoled itself thinking that one cannot expect the impossible. Then linen was torn to pieces so it resigned understood, everything was over.  No: it was retted, frayed, grinded, mixed and it became a magnificent luxury, white and smooth paper. Paper was really satisfied, in fact many short stories were written on it that people was waiting for auxiously to be better.  Flax sometimes thought: "I would never have, thought to be able to spread so much wisdom and consolation among men. When I was a poor small plant in a field I believed that my life had reached its end, as the poles of the fence said: and instead every blue little flower of mine has become a kind and lasting thought: and I will now go around the world."  Flax paper was brought to a printer’s where so many sheets were printed and then collect to create a book. The rest, became a packet and put on a shelf.  Paper thought that after so much activity it needed some rest in order to meditate, sometimes it also thought about its future. One day, that precious paper was thrown in the fireplace, it was unthinkable that could end in a grocer’s and that it could be used to wrap rice or spaghetti.  That evening, all the children in the house sat around the fireplace to see the flashes produced by flax paper. In a moment all the written words burned and became incandescent.

4. A voice from the flames said: "Now I will go straight away to the sky", and one thousand invisible creatures, the flax flowers, danced on the paper which was turning into ashes.  The cheerfully children sang.  "The song is over…. "  "No”! the invisible creatures answered “This song is like life, it never ends and the history is beautiful for this reason”  The children were listening attentively without understanding the real meaning of those words. But it doesn’t matter! Children cannot understand everything!

5. Flax Flax (Linum usitatissimum; also known as Common Flax or Linseed) is a member of the genus Linum in the family Linaceae. It is probably native to southwest Asia and southeastern Europe, though its precise native range is unknown due toet estensive ancient cultivation. It is an erect annual plant growing to 120 cm tall, with slender stems. The leaves are glaucous green, slender lanceolate, 2-4 cm long and 3 mm broad. The flowers are pure pale blue, 1.5-2.5 cm diameter, with five petals. The fruit is a round, dry capsule 5-9 mm diameter, containing several glossy brown seeds shaped like an apple pip, 4-7 mm long. In addition to the plant itself, flax may refer to the unspun fibres of the flax plant. Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Malpighiales Family: Linaceae Genus: Linum Species: L.usitatissimum Binomial name Linum usitatissimumLinnaeus

6. Uses Flax is grown both for seed and for fibre. It is also grown as an ornamental plant in gardens, as flax is one of the few truly blue flowers (most "blue" flowers are really shades of purple). Flax seed The seeds produce a vegetable oil known as linseed oil or flaxseed oil. It is one of the oldest commercial oils and solvent-processed flax seed oil has been used for centuries as a drying oil in painting and varnishing. The seeds are edible, and cold pressed linseed oil is suitable for human consumption; it is one of the most concentrated plant sources of the omega-3-alpha-linolenic acid, and its use as a nutritional supplement is increasing. Brown and yellow flax have equal amounts of omega-3 except for a type of yellow flax called solin which is very low in omega-3and has a completely different oil profile. Consuming one to two tablespoons of ground flax seeds (from a coffee or spice grinder) or one teaspoon of fresh linseed oil daily is a possible alternative to oily fish or fish oil supplements (also high in omega-3 fatty acids) for vegetarians/vegans, and for those who are concerned about high levels of heavy metals (such as mercury) in fish, although quality cod liver oil supplements are certified free of heavy metals. One tablespoon of ground flax seeds and three tablespoons of water makes an excellent replacement for one egg in baking by binding the other ingredients together, and ground flax seeds can also be mixed in with oatmeal,yogurt, water (similar toMetamucil), or any other food item where a nutty flavour is appropriate. Flaxseed oil is most commonly consumed with ssalads or in capsules. The health benefits of ground flax seed are also due to the lignans and dietary fibre it contains, in addition to omega-3 fatty acids.

7. Flax fibre Flax fibres are amongst the oldest fibre crops in the world. The use of flax for the production of linen goes back 5000 years. Pictures on tombs and temple walls at Theebes depict flowering flax plants. The use of flax fibre in the manufacturing of cloth in northern Europe dates back to pre-Roman times. In North America, flax was introduced by the Pilgrim fathers. Currently most flax produced in the USA and Canada are seed flax types for the production of linseed oil or flaxseeds for human nutrition.Flax fibre is extracted from the bast or skin of the stem of flax plant. Flax fibre is soft, lustrous and flexible. It is stronger than cotton fibre but less elastic. The best grades are used for llinen fabrics such as damasks, lace and sheeting. Coarser grades are used for the manufacturing of twine and rope. Flax fibre is also a raw material for the high-quality paper industry for the use of printed banknotes and rolling paper for cigarettes. Cultivation The major fibre flax-producing countries are the former URSS, Poland,France, Belgium,Ireland, and the Czech Republic.The soils most suitable for flax, besides the alluvial kind, are deep friable loams, and containing a large proportion of organic matter. Heavy clays are unsuitable, as are soils of a gravellyor dry sandynature.When a linseed crop is intended, widely spaced sowing is preferable, so the plants have room to branch and to increase the resources the plant devotes to flower and seed production; sowing rates of around or below 100 kg are used. When grown for fibre production, it is planted densely, to encourage the plants to grow tall and slender, with little flower production; 125 to 160 kg/ha is a suitable sowing rate.Flax is harvested for fibre production when still green, before seed maturation as the fibre starts to degrade later; it is pulled up with the roots (not cut), so as to maximise the fibre length. Immediately after harvesting, it is put in water to soak (retting) to rot off the non-fibrous material in the stems. Retting takes 7-12 days, depending on temperature.Flax grown for seed is allowed to mature until the seed capsules are yellow and just starting to split; it is then harvested by combine harvested and dried to extract the seed.

8. Dressing flax The process is divided into two parts: the first part is intended for the farmer, or flax-grower, to bring the flax into a fit state for general or common purposes. This is performed by three machines: one for threshing out the seed, one for breaking and separating the wood from the fibre, and one for further separating the broken wood and matter from the fibre. In some cases the farmers will perhaps thrash out the seed in their own mill and therefore, in such cases, the first machine will be, of course, unnecessary.The second part of the process is intended for the manufacturer to bring the flax into a state for the very finest purposes, such as lace,cambric,damask, and very finelinen. This second part is performed by the refining machine only.Take the flax in small bundles, as it comes from the field or stack, and holding it in the left hand, put the seed end between the threshing machine and the bed or block against which the machine is to strike; then take the handle of the machine in the right hand, and move the machine backward and forward, to strike on the flax, until the seed is all threshed out.Take the flax in small handfuls in the left hand, spread it flat between the third and little finger, with the seed end downwards, and the root-end above, as near the hand as possible; then put it between the beater of the breaking machine, and beat it gently till the three or four inches, which have been under the operation of the machine, appear to be soft; then remove the flax a little higher in the hand, so as to let the soft part of the flax rest upon the little finger, and continue to beat it till all is soft, and the wood is separated from the fibre, keeping the left hand close to the block and the flax as flat upon the block as possible. The other end of the flax is then to be turned, and the end which has been beaten is to be wrapped round the little finger, the root end flat, and beaten in the machine till the wood is separated, exactly in the same way as the other end was beaten.. Trivia 1.Common flax is the national flower of Belarus. 2.Flax is the emblem of the government of Northern Ireland 3.The flax plant appeared on the reverse of the UK one pound coin to represent Northern Ireland on coins minted in 1986 and 1991. In English, blond hair is traditionally referred to as "flaxen".

9. Flax Seed Info And ProductsLose Fat, Have More Energy And More! What is Flax Seed?Flax seeds are a great source of fiber, lignans, protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. We will examine each of these nutrients.

10. Fiber Flax seeds are an excellent source of fiber. They contain both soluble and insoluble fiber. They also contain a special fiber called mucilage. Mucilage helps stabilize blood sugar levels, and is a natural laxative. Dietary fiber is important because it keeps the digestive system functioning properly. It enhances our body's ability to use other dietary nutrients. Fiber goes through our digestive tract almost completely undigested. Once it reaches the colon and/or the large intestine, fiber is then broken down. ·Dieting lacking sufficient fiber can lead to: ·Chronic Constipation (That can't be fun) · Weight Control problems

11. Lignans Lignans are natural plant chemicals. Flax seeds are the richest source of lignans.Lignans boost the productions of a substance attached to estrogen and carries it out of the body.Researchers also believe lignans to have antioxidant properties. Flax seed has 75 to 800 percent more lignans than other vegetables and grains! Making flax seed worth the investment. Vitamins and Minerals The vitamins and minerals found in flax seeds are zinc, iron, vitamin E, carotene, B-group vitamins, magnesium, calcium, sulfur, potassium, phosphorous, manganese, silicon, copper, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, and cobalt. Protein For every 100 grams of flax seeds, you get about 25-30 grams of protein, which is great considering the other nutrients you get along with this. Fat Flax seed is one of the best sources for the essential fatty acid alpha linolenic acid. Alpha linolenic acid is so important for bodybuilders because it "enhances insulin sensitivity within muscle cells." (1) This omega-3 fatty acid also has many other beneficial effects: "Stimulating steroid production Systemization of hormones Mediating immune response Directing endocrine hormones to target cells Regulating smooth muscle and autonomic reflexes Construction of healthy cell walls Transportation of oxygen to body cells Keeping saturated fats mobile in the blood stream Regulation of nerve transmission Serving as the primary energy source for the heart muscle" (2) Those are just some of the beneficial effect of Omega-3. Omega-3's are sometimes defined as "anti-fats". This is due to their ability to speed up the metabolic process and aid in fat loss.

12. So What Does All of This Mean For Bodybuilders? • Reduced Body fat • Enhanced Performance • Shortened recovery time • Good source of energy • Reduced muscle soreness • Increased utilization of oxygen • Increased utilization of other nutrients • Overall better health • And what do all of those lead to? MORE MUSCLE! • Seed vs. Oil • Most of the nutrients are contains in the flax seed. So from a nutritional standpoint, flax seeds are the way to go. BUT, the flax seed oil gives you a concentrated source of the "good" fats we are looking for. Which would give the oil an edge.The solution... Use them BOTH! By using both the seeds and oil, you get all the nutrients, fiber, lignans, protein, and fat. • How to Use Flax Seed • If using the seeds, make sure the seeds are milled, ground up. Otherwise, you won't be able to absorb them. You can add the ground up seeds to cereal, salads, protein shakes, rice, or just eat them plain. You can add the oil to other liquid drinks, or just drink it straight. A good plan is using 1-2 TBSP of the ground flax seed and 1/2 TBSP Oil in the morning and before bed. Also use 1 TBSP of oil with 1 other meal during the day. You want to get 1-3 TBSPs a day. • So what are you waiting for? Starting flaxing!

13. The Flax Council of Canada is a national organization which promotes Canadian flax and flax products for nutritional and industrial uses in domestic and international markets. One of the most important functions of the Council is to disseminate credible, scientific information through publications in English, Spanish and Japanese. The Council participates in national and international trade shows. The Council also funds nutrition and agronomic research and coordinates crop and product research and development.

14. Flax Nutrition Profile While flax is rich in protein, research suggests that its health benefits probably have more to do with its fatty acid and fibre profile. Nutrient Profile of Flax seed Proximate 100 grams (3 ? ounces) Food Energy 450 Kilocalories (Calories) Fat* 41.0 grams Total Dietary Fibre 28.0 grams Protein 20.0 grams *Analysed by the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS ) Official Method Am 2-93, which is based on the Federation of Oils, Seeds and Fats Associations Ltd. (FOSFA) Official Method. The American Organization of Analytical Chemists (AOAC International) Method 996.06 will produce a slightly lower fat content.

15. Cooking with Flax It is safe to use whole flax seeds or flax seed meal in batters, doughs and main dishes that are to be cooked. Although composed of so much oil, both whole flax seeds and flax seed meal are stable at temperatures used to bake batters and doughs, such as muffins or breads, according to several studies. You can add flax seeds, in whole form, and as flax meal, to casseroles, such as pasta dishes and meat loaves, or use it in breadings on meats to be baked. Flax Seed Replaces Oils Flax seed can stand in for all of the oil or shortening called for in a recipe because of its high oil content. If a recipe calls for 1/3 c of oil, use 1 c of milled flax seed to replace the oil — a 3:1 substitution ratio. When flax seed is used instead of oil, baked goods tend to brown more rapidly.

16. Flax Seed Replaces Eggs Vegetarians substitute a flax seed mixture for eggs in selected recipes like pancakes, muffins and cookies. These baked goods are slightly gummier and chewier than normal, and the volume is decreased. When using the substitution formula, test a recipe first to determine if it meets your expectations. The formula is:15 mL (1 tbsp) milled flax, plus 45 mL (3 tbsp water) = 1 egg. Mix milled flax seed and water in a small bowl and let sit for 1 to 2 minutes. Add to recipe as you would an egg. Flax - A Healthy Food Flax comes from the blue-flowered plant crop grown mainly in the cool, northern climate of the western Canadian prairies. Canadian brown flax seed is the favourite choice of consumers. The omega-3 fatty acid and fibre in flax are nutrients that help keep us healthy and well.

17. A Better Diet with Flax Canadian flax is a high quality food. Flax contains the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA); fibre; and lignans (see table, below). Health experts prescribe these nutrients and other compounds for better health. Omega-3 fatty acid. About 42% of flax seed is oil, and more than 70% of that oil is polyunsaturated fat, a healthy fat. Flax also contains 57% of the important omega-3 fatty acid, ALA. Extra fibre. Flax seed contains soluble and insoluble fibre. Soluble fibre can lower blood cholesterol levels, while insoluble fibre moves the stool through the colon more quickly, helping bowel movements. Lignans. Flax seed is also one of the richest plant sources of lignans, providing up to 800 times more lignans than most other foods in a vegetarian diet. Lignans are phytoestrogens – compounds that have been shown in laboratory studies of animals to help protect against certain kinds of cancer, particularly cancers of the breast and colon, by blocking tumour formation.

18. Form of flax Weight (g) Common measure Energy(kcal) Totalfat (g) ALA(g) Protein(g) TotalCHO(g) Total dietary fibre (g) Proximate analysis 100 - 450 41.0 23.0 20.0 29.0 28.0 Whole seed 180 1 cup 810 74.0 41.0 36.0 52.0 50.0 11 1 tbsp 50 4.5 2.5 2.2 3.0 3.0 4 1  tsp 18 1.6 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.1 Ground seed 130 1 cup 585 53.0 30.0 26.0 38.0 36.0 8 1 tbsp 36 3.3 1.8 1.6 2.3 2.2 2.7 1  tsp 12 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.8 Flax oil 100 - 884 100.0 57.0 - - - 14 1 tbsp 124 14.0 8.0 - - - 5 1  tsp 44 5.0 2.8 - - - Proximate composition of flax based on common measures

19. Health Benefits of Flax The omega-3 fatty acids have a balancing role in the diet. They correct imbalances in modern diets that lead to health problems. Nutritionists caution that the amount of omega-3 fatty acids eaten in North America no longer meets our bodies’ needs. You can balance your consumption of fatty acids by adding flax to your diet. Current research shows eating flax seed provides health benefits. A lower risk for heart disease. Nutritionists advise paying attention to the kinds of fats eaten. They suggest you eat less saturated fat and trans fats, and more polyunsaturated fat – which flax provides. Studies show a diet high in ALA reduces the risk of heart disease by lowering cholesterol and by preventing the buildup of harmful deposits in arteries. In other studies, where scientists studied large groups of people to find disease trends, increasing the ALA content of the diet corresponded to a decrease in risk of stroke and heart disease. Prevention of some forms of cancer. The link between diet and cancer is well-known. Flax contains dietary fibre and omega-3 fat in the form of ALA, which can reduce the risk of cancer. Furthermore, studies showed the ALA in flax slowed inflammation which led to cell growth in cancer. Another study on women newly diagnosed with breast cancer showed a slowing of tumour growth with the addition of flax to their diet. Treatment of immune disorders. The lignans and ALA in flax help prevent inflammation that affects the body’s immune system. Flax in the diet may be useful in the treatment of such immune disorders as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and lupus. Diabetes. Studies show flax lowers blood glucose in healthy, young adults. The effect of flax in the diets of people with Type 2 diabetes is currently being investigated.

20. Relief from constipation. Studies in older adults show eating flax helps increase the frequency of bowel movements. Adding Flax to Your Diet Flax adds a pleasant, nutty taste to foods. You can buy flax by the scoop, vacuum pack, bottle or capsule, or find it in some favourite foods. Here are some ways to use flax. Scoop. Whole seeds. Whole flax seeds add colour and crunch to foods. You can sprinkleflax seeds on top of home baking or mix them into dough. However,to obtain benefit from flax, you should first grind flax seeds becausewhole seeds will pass through your system undigested. Whirr. Milled flax Grinding whole seeds breaks their tough outer skin, creating a light-coloured powder. Milled flax is sold in a vacuum package, or youcan prepare it yourself in a coffee grinder. You can sprinkle milledflax on cereal, or add it to doughs, batters, casseroles and othercooked foods. Pour. Flax oil. Flax oil is sold in bottles. The oil is extracted from whole flax seeds,using a cold-press process especially developed for plant oils. Pourflax oil on fresh salads. Flax oil provides ALA, but no fibre or lignans.

21. Pop. Gel capsule. Flax oil is sealed in gel capsules and sold as a dietary supplement. Youshould follow manufacturers’ dosages. Crack. Omega-3 enriched eggs. Omega-3 enriched eggs contain extra omega-3 fatty acids from flaxfed to hens. You can use omega-3 eggs wherever you would useregular eggs – there’s no taste difference, only nutrition enrichment.If eaten on a regular basis, omega-3-enriched eggs make a substantialcontribution to your need for omega-3 fatty acids. The caloric valueand protein content of omega-3 enriched eggs are similar to that ofregular eggs.

22. Try. Omega-3 enriched foods. Omega-3 enriched foods, such as yogourt and milk, may contain flaxoil, while flax baked goods, such as breads, can include milled or wholeflax. How Much Flax to Eat Like any fibrous food, flax can upset your digestion if you add too much, too quickly. In a balanceddiet, eating 5 g (1 teaspoon) of flax oil or 8 g (1 tablespoon) of milled flax daily provides enoughALA to meet dietary needs. Eating 5 g of flax oil or 8 g of milled flax daily provides enough ALA to meet dietary needs. Storing Flax Whole flax seed. You can store whole flax seed, which is clean, dry and of good quality, at room temperature for up to a year. Milled flax seed. To keep flax fresh, you should grind it as you need it. You can keep milled flax refrigerated in an airtight, opaque container for up to 30 days. Note: Because there are wide variations in kitchen temperatures and situations, the above guidelines limit storage times; however, people often keep milled flax for much longer periods. Let your nose be your guide: If the flax develops an off-odour, discard it.

23. Flax Substitutions for Special DietsFlax can replace fat or eggs in a recipe. Fat Substitution Instructions: Use a 3:1 ratio when substituting flax for oil in a recipe. Forexample, 3 tablespoons of milled flax can replace 1 tablespoonof butter, margarine, shortening or vegetable oil. 3 tablespoons milled flax = 1 tablespoon butter, margarine, shortening or vegetable oil Egg Substitution Instructions: For every egg being replaced, mix 1 tablespoon milled flax with3 tablespoons water in a small bowl and let sit for one or two minutes. The mixture will become gel-like. Add to your recipe as you would an egg. 1 tablespoon milled flax + 3 tablespoons water = 1 egg

24. Flax as a Food Because of its link to good health, flax is fast becoming a new food in many diets. Bakers and commercial food companies use flax as a unique ingredient in everything from yeast breads, to bagels and cookie mixes. Not only do muffins and breads baked with flax taste great, but studies also find that these foods provide health benefits. Omega-3 enriched eggs from hens fed rations containing flax are also very popular. These eggs contain eight to 10 times more omega-3 fatty acids than regular eggs. Two of the enriched eggs supply more than half Health Canada's recommended daily intake of omega-3s for adult men and women. Other omega-3 nutritionally-enhanced foods in the marketplace include milk, margarines and yogurts.

25. Folklore and Customs Flax Seeds As a Plug for Drains During the Manitoba Flood of 1997, old-timers suggested making a temporary block for drains by partially filling a sock or pantyhose with flax seeds and dampening them with water. A string tied to the end of the sock or pantyhose makes future removal easy. The water-soaked parcel expands, effectively sealing the opening into which it is placed. It is removed after the threat of sewer back-up is over. Linseed Oil As a Rust Preservative A practise common among farmers is to coat shovels, axes and other implements with linseed oil as a rust preservative. Linseed oil seems to dry and seal the surface without running off or evaporating. Flax As a Poultice for Boils and Skin Abscesses Roll about 3 tbsp of flax seeds in a 6-inch square of clean, white cloth. Twist either end tightly to contain the seeds. Holding the flax parcel by each of its two ends, dip the middle portion into a small bowl of boiling water. Wring it out, and place the poultice on the infected area. Cover it with a dry cloth. The flax seeds retain the heat, providing relief to the infected area. Remove the poultice when it has cooled. Flax As a Gel for Hair An Albertan says that when she was young, women used to boil flax seeds in water and then use the liquid as a setting gel for their hair. It apparently worked very well!

26. Flax for a New Millennium As we head into the 21st century, new markets for flax worldwide are soaring. These are partly fuelled by a movement which distinguishes flax as a nutritiousfood. Naturally Nutritious Flax Following the long-established eating patterns of other populations, North Americans are enjoying more flax breads and baked goods. The use of flax in breads, bagels and other baked goods has tripled demand for flax in the food industry in North America this decade. Omega-3 enriched foods offer more food choices to consumers seeking to increase the omega-3 content of their diet. For example, omega-3 enriched eggs from laying hens fed a special flax diet are gaining in popularity amongst consumers on the North American continent and abroad. Other food products, such as omega-3 enriched pork, are produced by including flax in animal rations. Still other animal producers add flax to feed rations for better animal health. In the pet food industry, flax is a common ingredient in premium brands. Environmentally Friendly Flax Products The flax industry is also springing forward with other flax products for a new century. Environmentally-friendly flax products suit not only the world of today, but also that of the future. In manufacturing, new linseed oil products like Archer #1™ and Dilulin™ have been formulated for modern products. These linseed oil products help manufacturers make their goods with less pollution.

27. In paints, stains and other coatings Dilulin, manufactured by Cargill Limited, substitutes for petroleum-based solvents in a wide range of paints, stains and other coatings. It provides good coverage and protection, while reducing solvents which are contributors to much pollution and smog. Solvent reduction is mandatory in many jurisdictions throughout the world. By adopting Dilulin, manufacturers reduce solvent use and meet environmental regulations. In particleboard manufacturing Archer #1, produced by Archer Daniels Midland Co. (ADM), also satisfies environmental concerns. Archer #1 acts as a co-adhesive in particleboard and hardboard manufacturing. It replaces some petro-chemicals in these wood products, thereby reducing the discharge of pollution-causing compounds during the manufacturing process. The composite wood products' industry has experienced enormous growth recently, and ADM estimates the current US market to exceed $500 million.

28. In flooring products Linoleum, a flooring made of all-natural ingredients, also helps reduce pollution. Biodegradable linoleum decomposes completely when discarded, unlike petroleum-based vinyl floorings which remain solid much longer.

29. RECIPES Linseed bread (1long loaf) Share:6 people Preparation time:1 hour + rising Difficulty: medium Ingredients 200 gr wholemeal flour        100 gr rye flour       100 gr flour         60 gr linseeds    25 gr brewer ‘s yeast        1 spoon wild fennel seeds         1 spoon milk       1 pinch sugar       2 spoon extra vergine olive oil

30. Method 1) Soak the linseeds for 3 hours. In a bowl mix the different types of flour with the salt. Make a well, add the sugar and the yeast melted in a small quantity of lukewarm milk. Laeven without mixing in a warm place for 15 minutes. 2)Add a part of the linseeds well strained, half the wild fennel seeds,1 or 2 glasses of water.Knead until the dough has a medium consistency.Leaven in a warm place for 45 minuts. 3)Make a long loaf sprinkle with linseds and fennel seeds, cook in the oven on a piece of oiled greaseproof paper for about 45 mins at 180°. 4)Serve lukewarm or cold. Linseed Infusion Name: linseed infusion Type: drink Main ingredient: linseeds People: 1 Ingredients: 25 cl. Cold water 1 spoon linseeds Method: pour 1 spoon of linseeds into 25 cl of cold water. Rest 1 hour, mix well and then drain. Useful in case of sore throat: 5 gargles a day with half a glass of lukewarm infusion.

31. LAVORO SVOLTO E RICERCHE EFFETTUATE DA: CARLI SELENE CERUTTI ROBERTA PIZZERA VALENTINA CLASSE: 3°C RICEVIMENTO A.S. 2005/2006 I.P.S.S.A.R. PASTORE VARALLO (VC) CON LA COLLABORAZIONE DELLA PROF.SSA PIERA SERRAVALLE