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WRAP Stationary Source (SS) NOx and PM Report. Lee Alter Western Governors’ Association WRAP IOC NOx Issues Meeting Denver, CO July 28, 2003. Section 309(d)(4)(v) Requirements.
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WRAP Stationary Source (SS)NOx and PM Report Lee Alter Western Governors’ Association WRAP IOC NOx Issues Meeting Denver, CO July 28, 2003
Section 309(d)(4)(v) Requirements • SIPs “must include a report which assesses emissions control strategies for stationary source NOx and PM, and the degree of visibility impairment that would result from such strategies.” • The report must evaluate the need for milestones to avoid net increases and to support possible multipollutant and multisource programs. • The SIP must commit to a 2008 revision containing any necessary long-term strategies and BART requirements for stationary source NOx and PM.
Approach • Starting point for addressing stationary source NOx and PM emissions. • What is the relative significance of these emissions? • How should the WRAP address these sources more comprehensively over the next few years? • The report does not recommend strategies, control levels, or define BART.
Stationary Source Emissions • Stationary source are expected to grow. • Stationary source PM10 emissions appear less important than NOx, but they contribute more to haze on a per ton basis.
SS NOx Emissions (1996) • 763 plants > 100 tpy • These account for 94% of SS emissions • ~150 are power plants
SS NOx Emissions > 100 tpy (1996) Utility Boilers Utility ICEs Industrial ICEs Industrial Boilers Industrial Processes
What About Utility Boilers? • Of the 99 dry-bottom coal-fired utility boilers in the 13 states in 1996 … • 14 had at least one control in the WRAP data • Modified Furnace/Burner Design (13), Low Excess Air Firing(1) • 45 had at least one control in the EPA/EIA data • Modified Furnace/Burner Design(13) , Low Excess Air Firing(1), Low NOx Burner(21), OFA(3), Misc.(7) • 68 had at least one control in the 2000 EPA/EIA data • Modified Furnace/Burner Design(13), Low Excess Air Firing(1), Low NOx Burner(41), OFA(9), Misc.(4)
SS Inventory Conclusions • WRAP is about to compile a 2002 inventory. • Inventory may be adequate for air quality modeling, but more information is needed for strategy development and evaluation. • For ICEs and NG production … • Check emission quantities • Improve classification and process descriptions • For utility and industrial boilers … • Improve data on controls in place • Include boiler capacity and design/process info
IMPROVE Monitoring Data (2001) Percent of Annual Average Light Extinction Due to Ammonium Nitrate • Need data for 20% best and 20% worst days • Percentages would likely be higher if natural sources excluded • Waiting for trend data
WRAP Modeling Data (2018) • Sensitivity run to assess the need to avoid net increases. • 25% NOx and PM10 increase from all SS • Sensitivity runs to assess strategies. • 50% NOx reduction from SS > 100 tpy • 50% PM10 reduction from SS > 100 tpy
50% SS NOx Reduction in GCVTR • Results are for summer only • Performance not adequate • Several improvements under way • NOx influences formation of other PM species, but difficult to model and validate
Conceptual Models • Conceptual model of haze in the West. • Primer -- What we know and don’t know regarding SS NOx and PM. • Summary of control technologies, costs, and secondary impacts. • 34 technologies/practices. Most commercially available. Rest are near available • With the exception of SCR, most achieve a 30-50% reduction at a cost of $300 - $1,200 per ton. • Costs highly dependent on boiler type, size, vintage, configuration, fuels, and existing controls.
