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War for Independence

War for Independence. 1 st Continental Congress 1774. Meets in Philadelphia Why Philadelphia? Purpose of the Continental Congress To protect Colonial Rights against tyrannical Britain. First Shots. British troops are sent to confiscate Colonial guns and ammunition at Concord Mass.

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War for Independence

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  1. War for Independence

  2. 1st Continental Congress 1774 • Meets in Philadelphia • Why Philadelphia? • Purpose of the Continental Congress • To protect Colonial Rights against tyrannical Britain

  3. First Shots • British troops are sent to confiscate Colonial guns and ammunition at Concord Mass. • Capture key members of the Sons of Liberty. Samuel Adams & John Hancock. • Paul Revere and William Dawes ride out to warn the minutemen. • “THE BRITISH ARE COMING!”

  4. Battle of Lexington • 4/19/1775, 1st Shots of the American Revolution. • “Shot Heard Round the World” • Who fired first? • Who won?

  5. Results of Lexington • 700 British “Redcoats” vs 70 Minutemen. • 8 Colonial men are killed • 0 British losses • Easy British victory • Redcoats press on toward Concord • Minutemen from local areas come to fight the British.

  6. Battle of Concord • Minutemen use Guerrilla Tactics • Defeat the British at the North Bridge near Concord • British retreat back toward Boston • Approx 4000 Minutemen line the route back to Boston.

  7. Results of the Battle of Concord • Casualties: • British 273 • Colonists 87 • Smashing Colonial Victory • Increases Colonial moral, increases confidence in the Rebellion. • Infuriates King George III

  8. 2nd Continental Congress • May 1775 in Philadelphia • John Hancock is 2nd CC President • George Washington chosen as commanding general of Continental Army. • Olive Branch Petition • One last hope to restore harmony between Britain and the Colonies. • King George III rejects the Olive Branch Petition

  9. Battle of Bunker Hill • Bloodiest Battle of the American Revolution. • 1000 British losses • 400 Colonial losses • 3 British frontal assaults are repulsed. • Colonists “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes.” • Battle is actually fought on Breeds Hill.

  10. Results of Bunker Hill • Proof Colonists can fight. • Confidence for Colonial troops. • Revenge of King George III.

  11. British Strengths • Best Army & Navy in the World • Strong Central Government • Lots of Money

  12. Colonial Strengths • The Cause of Independence • Leadership (later) of George Washington

  13. Common Sense • Written by Thomas Paine • Explains in simple terms why the colonies should declare independence. • Very influential • Uncle Tom’s Cabin • The Jungle • Silent Spring

  14. Declaration of Independence • 6/7/1776 Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia introduces the idea to dissolve all political bands with Great Britain. • John Adams of Mass is the driving engine behind independence.

  15. Declaration Committee • Ben Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston

  16. Author of Declaration • Thomas Jefferson • 2nd Youngest member of CC • Virginia • Slave owner • Outlawed Slavery in original Declaration.

  17. Adoption of Declaration • All 13 Colonies must adopt. • Slavery Clause must be removed. • To insure Southern support • Adopted 7/4/1776

  18. British Strategy • Abandon Boston • Attack New York City • Advance up the Hudson River • Cut off New England from the rest of the colonies • Why?

  19. Battle of New York • British Victory • New York City Abandoned by Colonial Army • Devastating Defeat for Colonial Army • Question the Leadership of George Washington • Washington retreats across New Jersey & into Pennsylvania

  20. German Mercenaries • Mercenary • Paid soldiers from a different country • British hire German Mercenaries • Hessians

  21. Battle Of Trenton • Washington’s Crossing of the Delaware River • Attack Hessians at Trenton • River crossing begins at nightfall 12/25/1776, Christmas Night • Counting on the Element of Surprise. Hope for drunkenness.

  22. Results Of Trenton • Morale for the Continental Army • Recruitment goes up! • Confidence in General Washington • Hessian Losses • 23 Dead • 92 Wounded • 913 Captured • Colonial Losses 0

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