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Interview projects. How did your follow-up interview go? How long was it? Any new things you learned? Any new/different techniques you used?. Evidence from Research and Principles from Linguistics Tell Us…. More than half of the world’s population is bilingual or multilingual.
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Interview projects • How did your follow-up interview go? • How long was it? • Any new things you learned? • Any new/different techniques you used?
Evidence from Research and Principles from Linguistics Tell Us… • More than half of the world’s population is bilingual or multilingual. • Bilingualism provides some protection from cognitive diseases like Alzheimer’s. • Bilingual children often outperform monolingual children in cognitive tasks and social problem solving. • Children who are proficient in their heritage language often have higher self-esteem, more solid family relationships, and are less likely to drop out of high school.
Mythical bilingualism A realistic picture of bilingualism Language A Language B A little more realistic… Language B Language A Language B Language A
Heritage Language (HL) • A language learned by children raised in homes where the dominant language is not spoken or not exclusively spoken. • In the US, the most commonly spoken heritage languages are Spanish, Mandarin, and Tagalog. • Heritage speakers speak their HL to varying degrees
Examples of heritage language • How and where have you heard people talking about the (un)importance of knowing your HL? • Did this come up in your interviews? Or what does your interviewee (from what you already know) think about the importance of knowing your/their HL?
Evidence from Research and Principles from Linguistics Tell Us… • Only fluent bilinguals truly code-switch. • Spanglish is a rule-governed system that has great expressive potential and that is used by many fluent bilinguals for a complex set of reasons. • Not all bilinguals (even very fluent bilinguals) can translate or interpret easily because this is a skill that has to be cultivated, and not an automatic part of bilingualism.
Code-switching • Using more than one language (code) in a single interaction or utterance • Myth: People who code-switch speak neither language fluently. • Fact: Only fluent bilinguals truly code-switch. • Myth: People who code-switch have cognitive difficulties • Fact: bilingualism provides cognitive advantages
Types of code-switching • Alternation • Across speaker turns • Insertion • Of Lang A into Lang B • Of Lang B into Lang A
Chipotle bag • What’s your reaction to this? • What kinds of code-switching do you see here? • What ideologies about code-switching and Spanglish do you see here?
Journal • Do you ever code-switch? • When do you code-switch? (In different contexts? When speaking to different people?) • Why do you code-switch? • How is code-switching connected to your identity? • What have other people told you about your code-switching? What ideologies have you heard?