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Communication Skills

Learn the importance of outlining speeches, differences between preparation and speaking outlines, and guidelines for constructing effective outlines. Understand visual frameworks and tips for delivery cues in this comprehensive lecture.

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Communication Skills

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  1. Lecture 25 Communication Skills Speaking with an Outline

  2. Recap • Pronunciation Practice

  3. Agenda • Importance of outlining speeches • Differences between the preparation outline and the speaking outline • Construct a preparation outline following the guidelines in the text • Construct a speaking outline following the guidelines in the text

  4. Preview • Definition of the Preparation Outline • Guidelines for the Preparation Outline • Definition of the Speaking Outline • Guidelines for the Speaking Outline

  5. What is the preparation outline? A detailed outline developed during the stage of speech preparation.

  6. Preparation Outline • Helps you put your speech together • Stage at which you decide: • how you will organize main points and supporting material in the body, • what you will say in the introduction, and • what you will say in the conclusion.

  7. Guidelines for the Preparation Outline • State the specific purpose • Identify the central idea • State your method of organization • Label the introduction, body, and conclusion (Outline them separately.)

  8. Guidelines for the Preparation Outline, cont. • Use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation. • State main points and 1st level subpoints (A, B, C etc.) in full sentences. • Label transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews. • Attach a bibliography. • Give your speech a title, if desired.

  9. Visual Framework The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationship among a speaker’s ideas.

  10. Example of Visual Framework I. Main point • Subpoint • Subpoint 1. Sub-subpoint 2. Sub-subpoint II. Main point Subpoint • Subpoint 1. Sub-subpoint 2. Sub-subpoint • Subpoint 1. Sub-subpoint 2. Sub-subpoint • Subpoint

  11. Speaking Outline A brief outline used to jog a speaker’s memory during the presentation of a speech.

  12. Guidelines for the Speaking Outline Eye contact Breathe • Follow the visual framework used in the preparation outline. • Make sure the outline is plainly legible. • Keep the outline as brief as possible. • Give yourself cues for delivering the speech. Slow down Lower pitch Show 1st vis aid Move left of podium Look to far right Pause for emphasis

  13. Outlining the Speech • Outlines Are Essential To Effective Speeches • Help Place Related Items Together • Help Ensure The Natural Flow Of Ideas From One To Another • Help Create Coherent Structure

  14. Outlining the Speech • The Preparation Outline • A Detailed Outline Used To Plan A Speech

  15. OUTLINING THE SPEECH • Process of Building The Preparation Outline Brings Together All Of The Major Elements Of The Speech • Title • Specific Purpose • Central Idea • Introduction • Connectives • Main Points – in full declarative sentences • Supporting Points – in full declarative sentences • Conclusion • Bibliography

  16. Outlining the Speech • GUIDELINES FOR CREATING THE PREPARATION OUTLINE

  17. OUTLINING THE SPEECH Specific Purpose The Speaker's Goal -- What The Speaker Hopes To Accomplish Central Idea What The Speaker Expects To Say -- One Clear, Concise, Full Declarative Thesis Statement • State The Specific Purpose Of Your Speech • Identify The Central Idea

  18. OUTLINING THE SPEECH • LabelThe Introduction, Body, & Conclusion • Use A Consistent Pattern Of Symbolization And Indentation • Follow a clear Visual Framework. Visual Framework The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationships among the ideas of the speech.

  19. OUTLINING THE SPEECH FULLDECLARATIVESENTENCES This is a Formal Sentence Outline. • State Main Points And Sub-Points In FULLDECLARATIVESENTENCES. • LabelTransitions, Internal Previews, Internal Summaries, & Signposts

  20. OUTLINING THE SPEECH • Attach A Bibliography • Give Your Speech A Title, If One Is Desired Bibliography A list of all the sources used in preparing a speech.

  21. OUTLINING THE SPEECH The Speaking Outline • A Brief Outline Used To Deliver The Speech

  22. OUTLINING THE SPEECH The Speaking Outline • Primary Purpose: • To help the speaker remember what to say

  23. OUTLINING THE SPEECH • Key Words & Phrases • Cues For Delivery • Particularly Effective For Extemporaneous Delivery Key Words & Phrases Reduce Main & Sub Points to one to three words per point. CuesFor Delivery Directions in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver key parts of the speech. Extemporaneous Delivery Carefully Prepared & Rehearsed In Advanced

  24. OUTLINING THE SPEECH GUIDELINES FOR CREATING THE SPEAKING OUTLINE

  25. OUTLINING THE SPEECH • Follow The Same Visual Framework Used In The Preparation Outline • Should Be PlainlyLegible Do you really want to be at the lectern wondering, ''Now what on earth did I write here?''

  26. OUTLINING THE SPEECH Remember -- only one to three words per point. • Should Be As Brief As Possible • Should Include Cues For Delivering The Speech ''Pause!'', ''Slow Down!'', ''Breathe!'', ''Smile!''

  27. Importance of Communication • Class Presentations • Field Research • Business Communications • Public Speaking

  28. Fear of Public Speaking • Population • No.1 fear=Public Speaking • Fear No.2=Death • Stage fright -In spotlight -unprepared -inexperienced

  29. Effective Communication • Preparation • Practice • Presence

  30. Effective Communication • Preparation • research -non-research • format -speak on what you know • -Notes- outline main points -note cards vs. full sized paper

  31. Sample Speech Outline I. Introduction • Thesis II. Body • support arguments III. Conclusion • review

  32. Effective Communication • Practice - practice makes perfect - revision - get time right

  33. Effective Communication • Presence -nervousness- fright is common -Body language -voice tone -gestures -eye contact -positive attitude

  34. Things You Shouldn’t Do • Read directly from notes • Read directly from screen • Turn back on audience • Slouch, hands in pockets • No um, ah, you know’s • No nervous gestures • Talk too fast, • Talk too quietly

  35. Things You Should Do • Eye contact • Can glance at notes • Appropriate gestures • Rhetorical questions to involve audience

  36. Ten Successful Tips Control the “Butterflies” • Know the room- become familiar with the place of presentation • Know the audience- greet or chat with the audience before hand. It’s easier to speak to friends than to strangers • Know your material-increased nervousness is due to un-preparedness

  37. Control the “Butterflies” • Relaxation- relax entire body by stretching and breathing so as to ease the tension • Visualize giving your speech-Visualize yourself giving your speech from start to finish. By visualizing yourself successful, you will be successful

  38. Control the “Butterflies” • People want you to succeed- the audience is there to see you succeed not to fail • Don’t apologize- by mentioning your nervousness or apologizing, you’ll only be calling the audience’s attention to mistakes

  39. Control the “Butterflies” • Concentrate on your message-not the medium. Focus on the message you are trying to convey and not on your anxieties • Turn nervousness into positive energy-nervousness increases adrenaline, transform it into vitality and enthusiasm

  40. Control the “Butterflies” 10. Gain experience- experience builds confidence, which is key to effective public speaking

  41. Public Speaking

  42. Public Speaking Produces Anxiety in Most People 3. Death 2. Snakes 1. Public Speaking People’s Biggest Fears

  43. Overcoming Speech Anxiety • Acknowledge Your Fear • Act Confident • Channel Nervous Energy

  44. Overcoming Speech Anxiety (con’t) • Practice, Practice, Practice • Simulate Setting at Home • Ask Friends to Be Practice Audience

  45. Overcoming Speech Anxiety (con’t) • Visualize Your Success • Use Deep-breathing Techniques • Focus on Message, not Fear • Give Yourself a Mental Pep Talk

  46. Understand Audience and Listening • People Think Faster Than Hear • Have Short Attention Span • Jump to Conclusions • Easily Distracted

  47. Listening Remedies • Keep Speech Focused • Divide Speech into Compact Segments • Analyze Audience Carefully • Adapt to Situation

  48. + Amount of Speech Remembered - + Time Understand Audience Memory

  49. Understand The Speech Context • Audience • Setting

  50. Context –

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