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Properties of Liquids

Properties of Liquids. Groups of liquid molecules are held together only by intermolecular forces. [http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/hillchem3/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/CH11/FG11_02.JPG]. Properties of Liquids. Surface Tension

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Properties of Liquids

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  1. Properties of Liquids • Groups of liquid molecules are held together only by intermolecular forces. [http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/hillchem3/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/CH11/FG11_02.JPG]

  2. Properties of Liquids • Surface Tension • Intermolecular forces at the surface are imbalanced. [http://www.ap.stmarys.ca/~smitchel/for201labs/blood_angle/surface_tension.jpg]

  3. [http://learn.sdstate.edu/Deb_Pravecek/Chem106L/images/meniscus.JPG][http://learn.sdstate.edu/Deb_Pravecek/Chem106L/images/meniscus.JPG] [http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/hillchem3/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/CH11/FG11_27.JPG]

  4. [http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/hillchem3/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/CH11/FG11_28.JPG][http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/hillchem3/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/CH11/FG11_28.JPG]

  5. [http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/hillchem3/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/CH11/FG11_29.JPG][http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/hillchem3/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/CH11/FG11_29.JPG]

  6. Properties of Liquids • Viscosity • “Friction” between molecules that causes them to resist motion. • More forces = higher viscosity [http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/hillchem3/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/CH11/FG11_31.JPG]

  7. [http://www.talkintrucks.com/images/Oil%20bottle%20variety.gif][http://www.talkintrucks.com/images/Oil%20bottle%20variety.gif]

  8. [http://www.aa1car.com/library/API_donut.gif]

  9. [http://www.aa1car.com/library/oil_chart.jpg]

  10. [http://www.carbibles.com/images/sludge1.jpg]

  11. Types of Solids • Crystalline Solids • Particles exist in a highly ordered repeating pattern. • Most solids fall into this category. [http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/materials/topaz.gi]f

  12. Unit Cells – Smallest part of the repeating pattern of a crystalline solid [http://www.chem.neu.edu/Courses/1105Tom/05Lecture21_files/image004.jpg]

  13. Cubic

  14. Orthorhombic

  15. Monoclinic Triclinic

  16. Hexagonal

  17. Types of Solids • Amorphous Solids • Particles trapped in a disordered arrangement. • “Supercooled Liquids” • Substances such as glass, rubber, & plastics [http://www.springfieldart.net/galleries/glass/2035.jpg]

  18. Crystalline vs. Amorphous [http://www.auburn.edu/~leeming/quartz.jpg] [http://www.ndted.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Graphics/QuartzGlass.jpg]

  19. Bonding in Solids • Molecular Solids • Held together by only intermolecular forces. • Mostly compounds made of non-metals! • Soft solids with low melting points. • Examples: H2O (ice), wax, sugar

  20. Bonding in Solids • Metallic Solids • Positive metal nuclei are surrounded by mobile valence electrons. • Excellent conductors, but variable hardness and melting points • Examples: Any metallic element or alloy [http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/476/488316/Instructor_Resources/Chapter_12/FG12_29.JPG]

  21. Bonding in Solids • Ionic Solids • Positive and negative ions attract one another. (Metal & Non-Metal) • Exist as pure crystalline shapes • Brittle solids with high melting points. • Examples: Any ionic “salts” such as NaCl, KBr, etc… [http://www.auburn.edu/~leeming/pyrite.jpg]

  22. [http://www.auburn.edu/~leeming/fluorite.jpg]

  23. Bonding In Solids • Covalent-Network Solids • Covalent bonds form a network throughout the entire substance. (mostly non-metals) • Very hard solids with very high melting points. • Examples: Carbon (diamond form only), Pure Silicon [http://www.diamond-experts.com/images/kohinura.jpg]

  24. All Carbon: Diamond vs. Graphite [http://itl.chem.ufl.edu/2041_f97/matter/FG11_042.GIF]

  25. [http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter10/Text_Images/FG10_TB09.JPG][http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter10/Text_Images/FG10_TB09.JPG]

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