Chapter 12: Motivation and Work

1. Chapter 12: Motivation and Work You’re the one! Eat Something! Work Harder Keep Moving Forward What Moves You? 100

2. 1. When salmon are motivated to swim upstream to mate and die, it is called: • A) instinct. • B) homeostasis. • C) an incentive. • D) extrinsic motivation.

3. 2. Drive reduction explains motivation by stressing our biological need to sustain: • A) a state of biological need. • B) drive equilibrium. • C) homeostasis. • D) a high level of arousal.

4. 3. ___ is to “push” as ___ is to “pull”. • A) drive; incentive • B) instinct; drive • C) arousal; homeostasis • D) incentive; motivation

5. 4. People are often motivated to “seek out” stimulation. This is explained by the ___ theory. • A) incentive • B) drive • C) attention • D) arousal

6. According to Abraham Maslow, some of our motivation must be attributable to: • A) meeting our basic psychological needs first. • B) our desire to be the best we can be. • C) wish fulfillment of our wants. • D) sensation seeking.

7. 6. Experimental rats were made to become obese by: • A) stimulating the lower-mid hypothalamus. • B) destroying the lower-mid hypothalamus. • C) blocking the production of Ghrelin. • D) forcing them to watch the Cooking Network.

8. 7. The body’s “weight thermostat” keeps us from deviating much from our current weight, keeping us at our: • A) natural body type. • B) homeostatic equilibrium. • C) set point. • D) healthiest level.

9. 8. Nausea for certain foods during pregnancy peaks around the 10th week. This may be adaptive because the fetus: • A) is more vulnerable to toxins. • B) is moving more in the womb. • C) is developing its own sense of taste. • D) none of the above.

10. 9. People with ____ experience extreme episodes of binge eating, followed by purging through laxatives or vomiting. • A) anorexia nervosa • B) binge-purge disorder • C) bulimia nervosa • D) weight cycling

11. 10. Because eating disorders such as anorexia are more common in the US, and not in India, suggests: • A) eating meat contributes to eating disorders. • B) the amount of media viewed contributes to eating disorders. • C) India has a more effective treatment. • D) thinness is valued differently by our culture.

12. 11. After orgasm, the male experiences the typical response of: • A) sexual orientation. • B) heightened arousal. • C) leaving quietly. • D) a refractory period.

13. 12. For women, the addition of the hormone testosterone is used therapeutically in order to: • A) increase facial hair. • B) increase sexual arousal. • C) increase aggression. • D) nothing, this is a male hormone and not used with women.

14. 13. Viewing X-rated films effects most people by: • A) reducing interest in sex with their partners. • B) increasing interest in sex with their partners. • C) encouraging sex outside of their marriage. • D) having no significant effect on the relationship.

15. 14. American teen-age females have less sex than Europeans, but have greater rates of pregnancy due to: • A) lack of sex education. • B) greater guilt related to sexual activity. • C) TV portrayals of unprotected sex without consequences. • D) all of the above.

16. 15. Based on scientific evidence, most psychologists believe that homosexuality: • A) is a psychological disorder. • B) is caused by faulty parenting. • C) is inborn, has genetic roots, and is resistant to change. • D) is caused by peer pressure and “recruiting” by other gays.

17. 16. Between the anxiety of being overwhelmed and stressed and the apathy of being bored is the state of: • A) homeostasis. • B) flow. • C) meditation. • D) bliss.

18. 17. The field of psychology which applies psychological concepts to the work setting is: • A) clinical psychology. • B) personnel psychology. • C) business psychology. • D) industrial-organizational psychology.

19. 18. Which of the following is least effective in selecting the best employee? • A) work samples • B) unstructured interview • C) job knowledge tests • D) past performance history

20. 19. The results of Robert Owen’s management of a cotton-mill in Scotland was a landmark study which illustrated: • A) the positive correlation between job satisfaction and productivity. • B) hiring the right people can make a significant difference in productivity. • C) reward and punishment techniques could be applied to the workplace. • D) a strong leader is more effective at getting the job done.

21. 20. The leadership style called ___, is best for building morale. • A) charismatic leadership • B) task leadership • C) social leadership • D) command-and-control leadership

22. 21. Most people who are very happy, attribute it to: • A) social status. • B) achievement motivation. • C) close, satisfying relationships. • D) financial wealth.

23. 22. Masters and Johnson identified four stages of the human sexual response cycle, which included all of the following except: • A) orgasm. • B) excitement. • C) stimulation. • D) plateau.

24. 23. When a supervisor likes an employee, the supervisor’s ratings may be biased to rate the employee higher than deserved. This is called: • A) social management. • B) brown nose outcome. • C) prejudicial treatment. • D) a halo error.

25. 24: Allen and Gorski (1992) conclude that anatomy influences sexual orientation. They found the ___ is 1/3 larger in homosexual men. • A) cranial diameter • B) anterior commissure • C) shoe size • D) speech center

26. 25. There is evidence that eating disorders have the following as contributing causes except: • A) childhood sexual abuse. • B) genetics. • C) culture. • D) poor self esteem.

27. Answers Stop here, or continue as a review

28. 1. When salmon are motivated to swim upstream to mate and die, it is called: • A) instinct. • B) homeostasis. • C) an incentive. • D) extrinsic motivation. 470

29. 2. Drive reduction explains motivation by stressing our biological need to sustain: • A) a state of biological need. • B) drive equilibrium. • C) homeostasis. • D) a high level of arousal. 471

30. 3. ___ is to “push” as ___ is to “pull”. • A) drive; incentive • B) instinct; drive • C) arousal; homeostasis • D) incentive; motivation 471

31. 4. People are often motivated to “seek out” stimulation. This is explained by the ___ theory. • A) incentive • B) drive • C) attention • D) arousal 472

32. According to Abraham Maslow, some of our motivation must be attributable to: • A) meeting our basic psychological needs first. • B) our desire to be the best we can be. • C) wish fulfillment of our wants. • D) sensation seeking. 472

33. 6. Experimental rats were made to become obese by: • A) stimulating the lower-mid hypothalamus. • B) destroying the lower-mid hypothalamus. • C) blocking the production of Ghrelin. • D) forcing them to watch the Cooking Network. 475

34. 7. The body’s “weight thermostat” keeps us from deviating much from our current weight, keeping us at our: • A) natural body type. • B) homeostatic equilibrium. • C) set point. • D) healthiest level. 476

35. 8. Nausea for certain foods during pregnancy peaks around the 10th week. This may be adaptive because the fetus: • A) is more vulnerable to toxins. • B) is moving more in the womb. • C) is developing its own sense of taste. • D) none of the above. 478

36. 9. People with ____ experience extreme episodes of binge eating, followed by purging through laxatives or vomiting. • A) anorexia nervosa • B) binge-purge disorder • C) bulimia nervosa • D) weight cycling 478

37. 10. Because eating disorders such as anorexia are more common in the US, and not in India, suggests: • A) eating meat contributes to eating disorders. • B) the amount of media viewed contributes to eating disorders. • C) India has a more effective treatment. • D) thinness is valued differently by our culture. 479

38. 11. After orgasm, the male experiences the typical response of: • A) sexual orientation. • B) heightened arousal. • C) leaving quietly. • D) a refractory period. 483

39. 12. For women, the addition of the hormone testosterone is used therapeutically in order to: • A) increase facial hair. • B) increase sexual arousal. • C) increase aggression. • D) nothing, this is a male hormone and not used with women. 484

40. 13. Viewing X-rated films effects most people by : • A) reducing interest in sex with their partners. • B) increasing interest in sex with their partners. • C) encouraging sex outside of their marriage. • D) having no significant effect on the relationship. 485

41. 14. American teen-age females have less sex than Europeans, but have greater rates of pregnancy due to: • A) lack of sex education. • B) greater guilt related to sexual activity. • C) TV portrayals of unprotected sex without consequences. • D) all of the above. 487

42. 15. Based on scientific evidence, most psychologists believe that homosexuality: • A) is a psychological disorder. • B) is caused by faulty parenting. • C) is inborn, has genetic roots, and is resistant to change. • D) is caused by peer pressure and “recruiting” by other gays. 492

43. 16. Between the anxiety of being overwhelmed and stressed and the apathy of being bored is the state of: • A) homeostasis. • B) flow. • C) meditation. • D) bliss. 498

44. 17. The field of psychology which applies psychological concepts to the work setting is: • A) clinical psychology. • B) personnel psychology. • C) business psychology. • D) industrial-organizational psychology. 499

45. 18. Which of the following is least effective in selecting the best employee? • A) work samples • B) unstructured interview • C) job knowledge tests • D) past performance history 502

46. 19. The results of Robert Owen’s management of a cotton-mill in Scotland was a landmark study which illustrated: • A) the positive correlation between job satisfaction and productivity. • B) hiring the right people can make a significant difference in productivity. • C) reward and punishment techniques could be applied to the workplace. • D) a strong leader is more effective at getting the job done. 506

47. 20. The leadership style called ___, is best for building morale. • A) charismatic leadership • B) task leadership • C) social leadership • D) command-and-control leadership 508

48. 21. Most people who are very happy, attribute it to: • A) social status. • B) achievement motivation. • C) close, satisfying relationships. • D) financial wealth. 495

49. 22. Masters and Johnson identified four stages of the human sexual response cycle, which included all of the following except: • A) orgasm. • B) excitement. • C) stimulation. • D) plateau. 482

50. 23. When a supervisor likes an employee, the supervisor’s ratings may be biased to rate the employee higher than deserved. This is called: • A) social management. • B) brown nose outcome. • C) prejudicial treatment. • D) a halo error. 504