World Wars Unit World War I (1914-1918) World War II (1939-1945)

1. World Wars UnitWorld War I (1914-1918)World War II (1939-1945)

2. American Wars American Revolution (1775-1783) War of 1812 (1812-1815) Mexican War (1846-1848) U.S. Civil War (1861-1865) Spanish-American War (1898) World War I (1917-1918) World War II (1941-1945) Korean War (1950-1953) Vietnam War (1953-1975)

3. American Wars (continued) Persian Gulf War (1990-1991) War in Afghanistan (2001-Present) Iraq War (2003-2011)

4. Causes of World War I 1. Nationalism – Pride in one’s country

5. Causes of World War I 2. Entangled Alliances – agreements between nations to protect each other.

6. Causes of World War I 3. Militarism • Arms races between nations • Built up to intimidate other nations • Russian army had over 1,000,000 • Germany and France had 900,000 each 4. Imperialism – Stronger countries taking over smaller ones

7. The Spark • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand • From Austria-Hungary & was visiting Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. • He was assassinated by terrorists of Serbia who wanted Bosnia to break from A-H and join Serbia

8. The Spark Gavrilo Princip Serbian Assassin Franz Ferdinand & his wife

9. Central Powers vs Allied Powers Central Powers Allied Powers FRANCE BRITAIN RUSSIA ITALY • GERMANY • AUSTRIA HUNGARY • OTTOMAN EMPIRE

10. Conditions on the Front in WWI • New Weapons Utilized • Machine Guns • Poison gas (Mustard Gas) • Tanks • Airplanes & U-Boats (Submarines)

11. Conditions on the Front in WWI • Trench Warfare • “No Man’s Land” • Disease and influenza

13. Battle of Ypres“Legends of the Fall” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYWlhwmxg7g

14. First Three Years of the War Deadly battles were fought w/ nothing to show but a stalemate. A stalemate is a deadlock in which neither side is strong enough to defeat the other.

15. America Joins the War

16. US Army President Woodrow Wilson gets declaration of war from Congress Entire army led by General Pershing Industrial power of the U.S. changes the course of the war Shortly after joining the war, Germany seeks peace

18. World War I Casualties

19. Effects of World War I • Treaty of Versailles -Establishment of League of Nations -German reparations : King Wilhelm II steps down • Over 9 million dead – known as the Lost Generation *America seen as a power to be dealt with after the war.

20. WWI - End of Empires • Hapsburg Dynasty (Germany & Austria) • Romanov’s (Russian Czars) • Ottoman Empire (Middle East) Family of Czar Nicholas II –last of the Romanov Rulers of Russia

21. The Russian Revolution • 1917—Workers revolt against the Czar --Bolsheviks take over Russia and begin a socialist system under Vladimir Lenin. • Allied countries (Great Britain, France, Japan and the United States) send troops to support anti-communist forces, but communist forces eventually prevail.

22. The Soviet Union • 1922 --Lenin establishes the Soviet Union (USSR)

23. The Rise of Joseph Stalin • 1924—Lenin dies– Several leaders struggle for power including Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin. • Eventually, Stalin seizes power and becomes a dictator over USSR—imposing a totalitarian state. • He begins a Five Year Plan to increase industrialization and collectivize agriculture in the Soviet Union.

24. The Red Scare • After the Russian Revolution, fear of a similar revolution in the United States by communists from Russia led to a period known as the Red Scare. • This led to increase fear of immigrants and restrictions on immigration were passed by Congress.

25. New Leaders Emerge • In Italy, a new fascist government emerged in 1922 under Benito Mussolini. He rose to power using propaganda, brutality, and intimidation—promoting an ultra-nationalist Italy and himself as Il Duce (“the Leader”).

26. Fascism in Germany • In 1921, Adolf Hitler took control of the National Socialist German Worker’s Party—better known as the Nazis. • He became chancellor of Germany in 1933 and eventually claimed the title Fuhrer (guide of Germany) and established himself as dictator over the Third Reich.

27. Leadership in Japan • Japanese Emperor Hirohito began his reign in Japan in 1926. He did not exercise absolute control over the government. • Instead, an army general, Hideki Tojo, assumed the role of Japan’s premier –leading it through World War II.

28. Authoritarian Government and Totalitarianism • Authoritarian Government - is ruled by a single person or party interested in political power. • Totalitarianism - is a government which seeks to control not only political power, but the economy, culture, and social life. • These governments often use terror and fear--utilizing propaganda and controlling access to information such as the press and education. (Examples: Italy, Germany, & USSR)

29. Aggression in Asia • 1931—Japan Invades Manchuria • Japan leaves the League of Nations • By 1938, Japan has control of major cities along Chinese coast

30. German Expansion • Hitler begins rebuilding German military and marches troops into the Rhineland (lost in WWI) • Germany annexes Austria and claims parts of the Sudetenland • Great Britain and France pursue policy of appeasement—rather than challenge Hitler’s aggression • In 1939, Hitler invades Poland • Britain and France declare war on Germany—thus beginning World War II

31. The Holocaust • Hitler’s policy of Nazi racism targeted Jewish people and fed on European anti-semitism (racism against Jews) • Hitler viewed Jews as a national enemy and began implementing his Final Solution—elimination of Jewish people by sending them to concentration camps as slave laborers and then executing them in gas chambers • The extermination of nearly 6 million Jews, as well as Gypsies, Slavs, and other people deemed undesirable came to be known as the Holocaust

32. World War II --1940 • Germany invades and takes control of: Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands and France • Begin “blitzkrieg” of Britain; nightly bombing raids • British Royal Air Force help fight off German air assault and prevent invasion.

33. Axis Powers • 1940,Germany, Italy and Japan form an alliance known as the Axis Powers

34. US Neutrality before World War II • 1935— Neutrality Act passed by Congress to stay out of European conflicts • 1940 -- U.S. imposes embargo on Japan after its invasion of China • March, 1941– Congress passes Lend-Lease Act to allow President Roosevelt to send aid to Great Britain

35. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor • Dec. 7th 1941—Japan launches surprise attack on U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

36. After Pearl Harbor, the U.S. declares war on Japan and joins Allies (Great Britain, USSR, and French resistance) against the Axis Powers U.S. joins Allies in World War II

37. Women join domestic war effort • Many women filled industrial jobs that had been held by men who were sent overseas • A popular symbol of these women was Rosie the Riveter

38. Suspicion of Germans, Italians and Japanese in U.S. • Since the U.S. was at war with these countries, suspicion of citizens with origins in Germany, Italy and Japan led to their removal to remote internment camps.

39. Allied Powers meet at Tehran • In 1943, leaders of the three major Allied Powers (Churchill—Britain, Roosevelt--US, Stalin-- USSR) met in the Tehran Conference to discuss plans for defeating Germany

40. D-Day • June 6, 1944 - The amphibious invasion of Normandy (occupied by Nazis) named Operation Overlord –headed by supreme allied commander Dwight D. Eisenhower

41. Germany Surrenders • German power pushed back to Berlin • With Russian and American Armies approaching Berlin, Hitler commits suicide in his bunker on April 30, 1945 • German officers surrender on May 8, 1945 • Known as V-E Day (Victory Europe Day)

42. The Atomic Bomb • Led by Robert Oppenheimer, the Manhattan Project successfully produced two Atomic bombs at Los Alamos, New Mexico (called Fat Man and Little Boy) • On August 6th, 1945,the first Atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima, Japan • Three days later, a second bomb exploded over Nagasaki • Japan surrendered on August 14th, 1945—thus ending World War II and beginning the Atomic Age