SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES

1. ETISplus∙ Waterborne Transport Data Workshop∙ Brussels ∙ May 12th, 2011. SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORTENGINEERING STUDIES Igor Bačkalov Department of Naval Architecture University of Belgrade – Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

2. Department of Naval Architecture – University of Belgrade (UB-FME) FIELD OF RESEARCH • technology development leading to increased safety, energy-efficiency and environmental-friendliness of seagoing ships and inland vessels. EXPERTISE • hydrodynamics, high-speed craft • ship dynamics, seakeeping • ship strength, FEM • hull and shafting vibrations • feasibility studies • navigation in shallow and restricted waterways • design of seagoing and inland vessels in general MILESTONES • introduction of pushboat technology on the Danube; • design of dredgers, floating cranes, pushboats and self-propelled vessels; • development of the Danube container vessel and IWT Ro-Ro technology; • development of risk-based ship stability regulations. SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

3. Some Data Necessary for the Waterborne Transport Engineering Studies INTRODUCTION WATERWAY CHARACTERISTICS RULES AND REGULATIONS DUES AND CHARGES ACCIDENTS CONCLUDING REMARKS SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

4. INTRODUCTION Waterborne transport engineering studies: • traffic engineering / logistics; • civil engineering / hydraulics; • naval architecture / ship design; Why not “SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE SHIP DESIGN STUDIES”? SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

5. INTRODUCTION “Ships are to be designed and constructed for a specified design life to be safe and environmentally friendly, when properly operated and maintained under the specified operating and environmental conditions, in intact and specified damage conditions, throughout their life.” (GBS Development Tier I: Goals) Ship design and construction: • adequate strength and stability; • construction materials: environmentally acceptable dismantling /recycling; • ship structure arrangement: safe access, escape, inspection, maintenance; • … SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

6. INTRODUCTION • Ship designer tasks: • safety and environmental-friendliness; • economy and efficiency. • The knowledge and understanding of: • waterway characteristics; • rules and regulations guiding the design process; • port dues and charges and canal fees; • typical hazards. • Application in the preliminary design stage SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

7. WATERWAY CHARACTERISTICS Inland waterway transport • Waterway depth / water levels; • Locks; • Bridges; • Canals, etc. Maritime transport • Wave climate; • Wind climate; • Icing conditions; • Waterway depth / shallow-water areas, etc. Combined (sea-river) navigation • Both groups of data. SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

8. WATERWAY CHARACTERISTICS Inland waterway transport • The Danube waterway bottlenecks; • Shallow-water sections on the Upper and the Lower Danube: 2m (1.7m) – 2.4m; • Bad Abbach and Regensburg locks: 1x12m; • On the Upper Danube few bridges bellow 6.8m (Deggendorf 4.7m). SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

9. WATERWAY CHARACTERISTICS Maritime transport • Seakeeping calculations based on the wave climate information; • Ship operability; • Affects ship particulars in the preliminary design phase; • Table based on: Rusu, L., Bernardino, M., “Estimation of the operability index of a containership operating in Black Sea”, The Annals of University Dunarea de Jos of Galati, 2009, Fascicle VIII, Tribology, XV, pp. 54-62.  SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

10. RULES AND REGULATIONS • Manning standards; • Number, composition, age of crew; • Existence of different standards, e.g. on inland waterways: • Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation (MINTRANS): “Decree On Approval of the minimum crew of self-propelled cargo ships”; • Central Commission for the Navigation on the Rhine (CCNR): “Rhine Vessels Inspection Regulations”; • UNECE Resolution No. 61, “Recommendations on Harmonized Europe-Wide Technical Requirements for Inland Navigation Vessels”; SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

11. RULES AND REGULATIONS • MINTRANS • Self-propelled (dry) cargo vessels in inland navigation, with the symbol "A" in the vessel class, operated by crew with combined duties SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

12. RULES AND REGULATIONS • MINTRANS • Self-propelled (dry) cargo vessels in inland navigation, without the symbol "A" in the vessel class, operated by crew with combined duties SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

13. RULES AND REGULATIONS • RVBR • Minimum crew for self-propelled cargo vessels and pushers • S1, S2 – equipment standards • A1, A2, B – operating modes SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

14. RULES AND REGULATIONS • UNECE Resolution 61 • Minimum crew for self-propelled cargo vessels and pushers SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

15. DUES AND CHARGES B • The Thames, the 2nd half of the 17th century ft 2 0.62 B2 L · L · B · T ·3/5· CB 2 derived from ”Tunnage” = 94 35 35ft3of seawater weighs 1t • Builders Old Measurement Rule, 1720. – 1849. • As a consequence, long, narrow, full form ships: small tonnage – large payload. (L – B · 3/5 ) · B · B/2 Tonnage = 94 SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

16. DUES AND CHARGES • The consequences of gross tonnage measurement 1960s – 1980s cca. 20000 DWT 1990s – present cca. 20000 DWT SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

17. DUES AND CHARGES SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

18. ACCIDENTS • Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) • Methodology for enhancement of maritime safety; • Evaluation of new regulations / comparison between existing and improved regulations; • FSA Steps: • Identification of hazards; • Risk analysis; • Risk control options; • Cost-benefit assessment; • Recommendations for decision-making. • Accidents database for inland navigation? River-sea navigation? • Example: hazards identified in 29 accidents of restricted (river-sea) navigation ships. SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

19. ACCIDENTS • Table based on: Egorov, G. V., “Application of formal safety assessment to hull modernization of restricted navigation area ship”, The 14th Asian Technical Exchange and Advisory Meeting on Marine Structures, The Far Eastern Technical University, Russia, 2000.  SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011

20. CONCLUDING REMARKS • Waterway characteristics, rules and regulations, dues and charges, accidents; • Significantly affect the choice of ship dimensions in the preliminary design stage; • May affect the choice of ship type! • In general, more difficult to obtain: • data relevant for inland navigation (and short-sea shipping); • data relevant for Eastern European market; SOME DATA NECESSARY FOR THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STUDIES ∙ ETISPLUS ∙ BRUSSELS, 12th MAY 2011