The Road to the American Revolution

1. The Road to the American Revolution

2. Causes • Enlightenment Political Ideology • The French and Indian War • Taxation (without representation)

3. The Enlightenment Copernicus Galileo Newton

4. Enlightenment Political Science John Locke

5. The Social Contract

6. The Enlightenment and American Colonists Puritans in Massachusetts

7. The Enlightenment and American Colonists Catholics in Maryland

8. The Enlightenment and American Colonists Second and Third Sons

9. The Enlightenment and American Colonists Paroled Prisoners and Debtors In Georgia

10. The Enlightenment and American Colonists Scots-Irish

11. The Enlightenment and American Colonists Quakers and Germans in Pennsylvania

12. A history of constitutional law and self-government 1215—The Magna Carta

13. A history of constitutional law and self-government 1619—The Virginia House of Burgesses

14. A history of constitutional law and self-government 1620—The Mayflower Compact

15. 150 years of ‘salutary neglect’ • A history of religious tolerance • Massachusetts Charter of 1691 • The Great Awakening • Quaker revival • A history of literacy and free speech • Puritans established schools • Harvard, William and Mary, Yale • Poor Richard’s Almanac • John Peter Zenger and freedom of the press

16. Enlightenment Political Thinking 1. Fundamental God-given rights and the social contract (John Locke) 2. Colonists who came from disaffected groups (Puritans, Primogeniture, Prisoners, Poor) 3. A history of constitutional law and self-government (Magna Carta, Representative Assemblies, Mayflower Compact) 4. A history of freedom of religion, speech, and the press 5. A history of education and literacy

17. Causes • Enlightenment Political Ideology • The French and Indian War • Taxation (without representation)

18. The French and Indian War1754-1763 Colonel George Washington Virginia Militia, British Army

24. Fort Necessity

26. Washington forced to surrender

27. British defeats indicate they can be beaten

28. War debt—pounds and promises William Pitt

31. Effects of the Treaty of Paris • England gains French territory in N. America • Indians lose French support against English colonists • Pontiac begins attacking English settlements. While he is eventually defeated—lasting tension between indians and English colonists remains in the region

32. The Proclamation of 1763 • No settlement allowed west of Appalachians • Convinced Americans that their government was insensitive to their needs • Convinced Americans that their government could not enforce its orders • 10,000 British troops left in colonies for “protection”—to be paid for by the colonists

33. The French and Indian War1754-1763 • Part of a world war • British win in North America • French disappear as a threat to colonists • Raises doubts in America about England • Raises doubts and debts in England

34. Causes • Enlightenment Political Ideology • The French and Indian War • Taxation (without representation)

35. 1763-1775A Series of Unfortunate Events Cause Cause Effect Effect Reaction Action Reaction Action

36. Cause: Sugar Act of 1764 • Taxed imported molasses • Prohibited imported rum • Required a clearance certificate for cargoes of both • Stiffened penalties for bribing customs officials • Gave blanket probable cause for seizure

37. Effect: Protests and Boycotts

38. Cause: Quartering Act and Stamp Act of 1765

39. Effect: Stamp Act Congress and the Sons of Liberty

40. Colonists maintain clear, consistent position--only colonial assemblies have right to tax thembecause they have no representation in Parliament

41. Effect: Stamp Act Repealed

42. Cause: Declaratory and Townshend Acts (1766,1767)

43. Effect: Massachusetts Colonial Assembly calls colonies to “unite for the common defense”

44. Effect: Assembly dissolved andJohn Hancock’s ship seized

45. Effect: Tax Officials Chased Away, Troops Called In

49. John Adams

50. Cause: Declaratory and Townshend Acts (1766,1767) Call to Arms Dissolve Assembly Townshend Acts Boston Massacre (1770) Chase away commissioners Call for troops (1768)