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Binary Trees

Binary Trees. Overview. Trees. Terminology. Traversal of Binary Trees. Expression Trees. Binary Search Trees. Trees. Family Trees. Organisation Structure Charts. Program Design. Structure of a chapter in a book. Parts of a Tree. Parts of a Tree. nodes. Parts of a Tree. parent node.

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Binary Trees

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  1. Binary Trees

  2. Overview • Trees. • Terminology. • Traversal of Binary Trees. • Expression Trees. • Binary Search Trees.

  3. Trees • Family Trees. • Organisation Structure Charts. • Program Design. • Structure of a chapter in a book.

  4. Parts of a Tree

  5. Parts of a Tree nodes

  6. Parts of a Tree parent node

  7. Parts of a Tree child nodes parent node

  8. Parts of a Tree child nodes parent node

  9. Parts of a Tree root node

  10. Parts of a Tree leaf nodes

  11. Parts of a Tree sub-tree

  12. Parts of a Tree sub-tree

  13. Parts of a Tree sub-tree

  14. Parts of a Tree sub-tree

  15. Binary Tree • Each node can have at most 2 children

  16. Traversal • Systematic way of visiting all the nodes. • Methods: • Preorder, Inorder, and Postorder • They all traverse the left subtree before the right subtree. • The name of the traversal method depends on when the node is visited.

  17. Preorder Traversal • Visit the node. • Traverse the left subtree. • Traverse the right subtree.

  18. 43 31 20 28 40 33 64 56 47 59 89 Example: Preorder 43 31 64 20 40 56 89 28 33 47 59

  19. Inorder Traversal • Traverse the left subtree. • Visit the node. • Traverse the right subtree.

  20. 20 28 31 33 40 43 47 56 59 64 89 Example: Inorder 43 31 64 20 40 56 89 28 33 47 59

  21. Postorder Traversal • Traverse the left subtree. • Traverse the right subtree. • Visit the node.

  22. 28 20 33 40 31 47 59 56 89 64 43 Example: Postorder 43 31 64 20 40 56 89 28 33 47 59

  23. Expression Tree • A Binary Tree built with operands and operators. • Also known as a parse tree. • Used in compilers.

  24. Example: Expression Tree + / / 1 3 * 4 6 7 1/3 + 6*7 / 4

  25. Notation • Preorder • Prefix Notation • Inorder • Infix Notation • Postorder • Postfix Notation

  26. 1 / 3 + 6 * 7 / 4 Example: Infix + / / 1 3 * 4 6 7

  27. + / / 1 3 4 * 6 7 1 3 / 6 7 * 4 / + Example: Postfix + / / 1 3 * 4 6 7 Recall: Reverse Polish Notation

  28. Example: Prefix + / / 1 3 * 4 6 7 + / 1 3 / * 6 7 4

  29. Binary Search Tree A Binary Tree such that: • Every node entry has a unique key. • All the keys in the left subtree of a node are less than the key of the node. • All the keys in the right subtree of a node are greater than the key of the node.

  30. Example 1: key is an integer 43 31 64 20 40 56 89 28 33 47 59

  31. Example 1: key is an integer 43 31 64 20 40 56 89 28 33 47 59

  32. Insert • Create new node for the item. • Find a parent node. • Attach new node as a leaf.

  33. Insert 57 Example: 43 31 64 20 40 56 89 28 33 47 59

  34. 57 Insert 57 Example: 43 31 64 20 40 56 89 28 33 47 59

  35. Search: Checklist • if target key is less than current node’s key, search the left sub-tree. • else, if target key is greater than current node’s key, search the right sub-tree. • returns: • if found, pointer to node containing target key. • otherwise, NULL pointer.

  36. Search Example: 59 43 31 64 20 40 56 89 28 33 47 59 57 found 36

  37. Search Example: 61 43 31 64 20 40 56 89 28 33 47 59 57 failed 37

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