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FUNGI

FUNGI. *Adapted from David Porter’s PowerPoint (UGA)*. Fungi are diverse and numerous More than 100,000 species of fungi described Estimated 1.5x10 6 total number of species Not all fungi related Organisms in three separate kingdoms have been called ‘fungi’

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FUNGI

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  1. FUNGI *Adapted from David Porter’s PowerPoint (UGA)*

  2. Fungi are diverse and numerous • More than 100,000 species of fungi described • Estimated 1.5x106 total number of species • Not all fungi related • Organisms in three separate kingdoms have been called ‘fungi’ • Filamentous fungi, watermolds, slime molds

  3. Nematoloma fasciculare Achlya racemosa Photo H.Jaksch

  4. Characteristics of Fungi • most grow as microscopic branched filaments called hyphae • Feed on organic material by secreting digestive enzymes – extracellular digestion • Fungi absorb their digested food into their hyphae • Reproduce by spores

  5. Fungal spores

  6. Mushrooms make millions of spores Spore print from Psathryella

  7. Fungal spores grow into filamentous mycelium

  8. Fungi produce fruiting bodies from the mycelium

  9. Fungal Biodiversity • Different groups of fungi are defined by the spores that they produce. • Chytridiomycota (chytrids) • motile zoospores • We won’t cover this group instead we will look at the Deuteromycota (impefect fungi) • No sexual reproduction • Example: Penicillium notatum is a mold that frequently grows on fruit and is the source of the antibiotic penicillin. • Zygomycota (bread molds) • non-motile spores in a sporangium • Ascomycota (sac fungi and yeast) • asexual spores – conidia • Sexual spores – ascospores • Basidiomycota (club fungi and mushrooms) • Sexual spores - basidiospores

  10. chytrids

  11. Deuteromycota

  12. Zygomycetes – bread mold

  13. Ascomycetes – sac fungi Xylaria polymorpha – dead man’s fingers

  14. Basidiomycetes – club fungi • Mushrooms • Puffballs • Earthstars • Stinkhorns • Bird’s nest fungi • Rusts • Smuts

  15. Fungi behave in three different ways • Decomposers • Example: forest litter decomposition, wood rot, food spoilage • Parasites • Examples: leaf spot, root rot, athlete’s foot • Symbionts • Examples: mycorrhizas, leaf endophytes, lichens

  16. Human uses of Fungi • Food – cheeses, mushrooms, mycoprotein • Fermentation – wine, beer • Industrial fermentation – citric acid, others • Medicine – penicillin, cyclosporin

  17. Fungal abuses of humans • Pathogens – dermatophytes, systemic diseases • Agricultural pests – crop diseases • Toxins – mushrooms, molds

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